Investigation And Diversity Studies Of Insect Resources In Laifeng And Hefeng Counties Of Wuling Mountain Region

Biodiversity is the foundation of living organisms.The monitoring and assessment of insect diversity monitoring is an important part of the quality of the ecological environment.The unique environment and climate in Laifeng County and Hefeng County can bring up abundant insect resources in Hubei area of Wuling Mountains.In this study,three survey methods including transect survey,light trapping and Malayan net methods were adopted.From 2019 to 2020,three large-scale background surveys of insect diversity were carried out,the insect diversity index were analyzed,and the threat factors of insect diversity were assessed in Laifeng County and Hefeng County.The results are as follows:1.Analysis of insect species composition and diversity in Laifeng County and Hefeng CountyA total of 590 insects species from 14 orders and 156 families were identified in the large-scale survey in Laifeng and Hefeng counties,and the dominant groups were Lepidoptera,Coleoptera,Hemiptera,Orthoptera and Blattella.Lepidoptera ranks first in the number of families and species.A total of 180 insect species from 95 families and 11 orders were identified by line transect method.A total of 388 insect species from 110 families and 14 orders were identified by light trapping method.And a total of 88 insect species from 40 families and 7 orders were identified by Malayan net method.The results of insect diversity research showed that there were differences in the composition of insect communities through three survey methods in Laifeng and Hefeng counties.The light trapping method of insect composition was different from that of the transect survey method.The highest Margalef abundance index(ds)of habitat was streamside beaches in Laifeng and Hefeng counties.The highest Pielou evenness index(J)of habitats were woodlands and shrubs.There is a positive linear relationship between Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H`)and altitude,showing that with the increase of elevation gradient of the survey grids,the insect diversity index showed the increasing trend.2.Analysis of insect species composition and diversity index in Laifeng County18 effective grids are divided in Laifeng County by GPS positioning system,and the insect species in different grids in Laifeng County were investigated.The results showed that a total of 405 insects species from 14 orders and 105 families were identified in three large-scale surveys in Laifeng county.The dominant families and species were Lepidoptera,Coleoptera,Hemiptera and Orthoptera,respectively.The grids with the largest insect species and numbers were 54103130(Fanjiagou Village,Sanhu Township)and 54103110(Shabaowan,Lushui Town)in Laifeng County.The Shannon-Wiener diversity indices(H`)of different habitats were as follows: woodland and shrub forest >stream beach > grassland > vegetable land and farmland > orchard.The grid with the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H`)was 54103130(Fanjiagou,Sanhu Township).The grid with the lowest Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H`)was 54103110(Hujiaping,Lushui Town).The grids with lower Margalef abundance and Pielou evenness indices(J)were 53903190(Fuzu Stream,Dahe Town)and 54003100(Manshui Township Welfare Institute).The insect diversity in different altitudes and habitat types in Laifeng County showed that the α-diversity index in the 501-1000 m altitude gradient was higher than that of0-500 m altitude gradient.The Pielou evenness indices of different habitats were woodland and shrub forest > vegetable land and farmland > stream beach > grassland >orchard.The clustering results of butterflies showed that the largest numbers of butterfly families were observed in the fourth cluster group(A25-A46)and the fifth cluster group(A41-A12).The grid with the largest number of butterfly family is 54003130(Sanhu Countryside Cork Garden).The grid with the highest diversity index(H`)and richness index(ds)was 54003120(Lijia Courtyard,Jiusi Town).Butterflies are important indicators to ecological environment and can respond to habitat changes.The results of butterfly diversity showed that the highest Shannon-Wiener and Margalef indices of butterflies were vegetable and farmland habitats.The highest the Pielou evenness index(J)of butterflies was orchard habitats.3.Analysis of insect species composition and diversity index in Hefeng County35 effective grids are divided in Hefeng County by GPS positioning system,and the insect species in different grids in hefeng County were investigated.The results showed that a total of 530 insects species from 14 orders and 137 families were identified in three large-scale surveys in Hefeng county.The dominant families and species were Lepidoptera,Coleoptera,Hemiptera,Orthoptera,and Hymenoptera,respectively.The grids with the largest insect species and numbers were 54703190(Baishuigou,Zhongying Town)and 54703190(Jiamen Bay,Zhongying Town)in Hefeng County.The grid with the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H`)was 54803190(Moonfield,Xiaping Township).The grid with the highest Margalef abundance index(ds)was 54803200(Shuigu Cave,Wuyang Township).The grids with highest Pielou evenness index(J)was55103160(West Bay,Zouma Town).The insect diversity in different altitudes and habitat types in Hefeng County showed that significantly higher α-diversity index was observed in the 1001-1500 m altitude gradient than those of 0-500 m and 501-1000 m altitude gradient.The Pielou evenness indices(J)of different habitats were woodland and shrub forest > vegetable land and farmland > stream beach > grassland > orchard.The clustering results of butterflies showed that the largest numbers of butterfly families were observed in the third cluster group(B26-B45).The grid with the highest diversity index(H`)of butterfly was 4103130(Fanjiagou Village,Sanhu Township).The habitat with the higher Margalef richness index(ds)of butterfly were vegetable field and farmland.The habitat with the highest Pielou evenness index(J)of butterfly was orchard.Combining the insect diversity results of three large-scale surveys in Laifeng and Hefeng counties,the highest diversity index and insect species were found in the outbreak period of insects.The threat factor to insect diversity included the ore mining,vehicle transportation and excessive pesticides application in Laifeng and Hefeng counties.We suggested that Laifeng County and Hefeng County should strengthen coordination and cooperation between environmental protection departments and forestry multi-departments,enhance government supervision,protect local plants and greenery,and strengthen the restoration and diversity protection of local insect habitats.