Differentiation Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Neurons And Hair-like Cells Induced By Taurine

With the arrival of the aging society,neurodegenerative diseases may surpass cancer to become the second most fatal disease in the world of the future.The most common mechanism is the progressive degeneration and death of neuron cells.Because the central nervous system does not have the characteristics of regeneration,it leads to the non-renewable replacement of neuron cells.As a new treatment option for neurodegenerative diseases,stem cell therapy has a broad application prospect in neurodegenerative diseases such as epilepsy,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease and so on.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have many advantages,such as wide sources,simple materials and low tumorigenicity.Under different conditions,they can differentiate into three embryonic layers,including myocardial cells,skin cells and a variety of neuron cells.Nowadays,a large number of experiments have verified that mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into neuron like cells under the conditions of co-culture,genetic engineering and chemical induction,indicating that they have the ability to differentiate into neurons.Taurine is one of the amino acids widely existing in the human body.It has neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects in the brain.As a penetrant and neuromodulator,taurine participates in the processes of oxidation resistance,hypoxia resistance and osmotic regulation.It is also one of the most abundant metabolites in the central nervous system,Nowadays,there are two classical methods for mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neurons.The first is to induce the monolayer cells attached to the substrate to differentiate directly,and the second is to induce the cells into neurospheres first,and then further adhere to the wall to differentiate.Based on this,this experiment preliminarily studied the effect of taurine on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from two different sources into neurons,and simply discussed the role of taurine on the basis of hair like cell culture medium.First,in the case of monolayer adherence of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,GABAergic neuron like cells were efficiently induced in a short time by combining epidermal growth factor(EGF),basic fibroblast factor(b FGF)and taurine.We first explored the induced differentiation of BMSC by b FGF at different concentrations.q RT-PCR and immunofluorescence experiments verified that b FGF and EGF could induce cells to differentiate into neural precursor cells at the concentration of 20 ng / ml.On this basis,different concentrations of taurine were used to induce GABAergic neuron like cells with high expression of GAD1,GAD2 genes and proteins.Secondly,umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were used as materials.In the first stage,growth factors and taurine were used to induce cells into neurospheres,and the concentration of taurine to promote the proliferation of neurospheres was determined.In the second stage,taurine with different concentrations was used to induce the differentiation of neurospheres.Two time nodes of 5d and 8d were set up to observe the final proportion changes of differentiated neurons and glial cells.The results of immunofluorescence showed that the differentiated cells could be highly expressed after 5 days of taurine induction β The expression of III tublin protein and GFAP protein is relatively low,which proves that taurine can further differentiate the latter into neural cells and glial cells on the basis of promoting the formation of neurospheres,and tends to neural cells.Finally,based on the successful induction of hair like cells using MC3T3 conditioned medium,our laboratory preliminarily explored the effect of taurine at different concentrations on the differentiation of neurospheres into hair like cells.The double staining experiment of Brn3 c and Math1 proved that taurine at the concentration of5 m M could improve the efficiency of differentiation of neurospheres into hairlike cells.At the same time,the results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the differentiated hairlike cells had a certain number of messy ciliary structures on the surface.In conclusion,this paper shows that taurine can not only promote the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neurons,but also have a certain impact on the differentiation of hair-like cells.Based on this study,it is expected to further explore in the field of regenerative medicine in the future and provide alternative cell sources for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.