Study On The Pollution Status And Countermeasures Of Marine Debris And Microplastics On Typical Beaches Of Shandong Peninsula

Along the coastlines of Shandong Peninsula,tourism,shipping,aquaculture and other marine-related industries are developed,and the pollution of marine debris on the beach is serious.Marine debris pollution affected the marine landscape seriously,damaged the marine ecological environment and caused security risks to normal maritime activities.Under the impact of intense ultraviolet radiation,wind erosion and sea beaten,marine debris on the beach got aging and broken into microplastics particles,could be easily eaten by marine organisms and be enriched and transferred along the food chain,and ultimately affect human health.Carrying out the study on the pollution status and countermeasures of marine debris and microplastics on the beaches has great scientific value and research significance for understanding the pollution characteristics of marine debris and microplastics and dealing with the harm of marine debris and microplastics to the coastal ecological environment.This paper mainly investigated the distribution of marine debris and microplastics in Rizhao,Qingdao,Weihai,Yantai and Weifang in Shandong Peninsula.Through the methods of field investigation,sample analysis and component identification,the type,abundance,source,composition and space-time distribution of pollution characteristics were studied and the pollution status was evaluated.On the basis,problems found in the process of dealing with pollution are summarized,pollution control strategies of several countries and organizations are sorted out,and countermeasures are proposed.(1)Pollution status of marine debris on typical beach of Shandong Peninsula:Based on the survey data of 29 transects of 8 coastal areas in Shandong Peninsula,the pollution status of marine debris was analyzed.The mean quantity and quality density of beach marine debris on typical beaches of Shandong Peninsula are 173,900 items/km~2 and661.76 kg/km~2,respectively.Plastic debris is the main type of beach debris,and its quantity percentage(62.89%)and mass percentage(36.65%)are the highest.According to the classification statistics,cigarette butts debris accounted for 38.65%in Qingdao and fishing gear debris accounted for 66.98%in Yantai.Therefore,more attention should be paid to the pollution of plastic debris.The analysis results of the sources of marine debris on the beach showed that about 89.73%came from land-based activities and 10.27%from marine transportation and fishing and breeding activities,there was no significant difference in the data between the sources of marine debris on each beach.In recent 10years,the characteristics temporal and spatial distribution of marine debris abundance are closely related to the process of coastal development,and most of them show a change from less quantity and high quality to more quantity and light quality.This paper refers to the European Union threshold standard for beach debris pollution,which is a new evaluation method for marine debris pollution.The evaluation results showed that the threshold value of marine debris on the coastline of Shandong Peninsula is about 8.52items/100 m,which is generally lower than the threshold value of marine debris of the European Union,and the potential risk of marine debris is low.(2)Pollution characteristics of microplastics on typical beaches of Shandong Peninsula:The sediment samples from 29 microplastics stations in 8 beaches were analyzed by field sampling and composition identification,and the pollution characteristics of microplastics on the beaches were obtained.Fiber accounted for the most(62.80%),followed by debris(23.40%),film and particle accounted for 6.90%,and fiber accounted for the most,which was consistent with the results of domestic and foreign research.The proportion of black,blue,transparent,yellow,green,white,red,brown and purple microplastics was 27.60%,22.10%,12.40%,10.30%,10.30%,7.60%,6.90%,1.40%and 1.40%,respectively.The total proportion of black and blue microplastics was about 49.70%.The average abundance of microplastics was27.19±8.05/kg,with the highest abundance(25-41.67 items/kg)in Yantai and the lowest abundance(20-30 items/kg)in Weifang,no significant difference in microplastic abundance data(P=0.184>0.05).The number of microplastics with particle sizes of100-400μm,400-700μm,20-100μm,700-1000μm,and 1000-5000μm accounted for35.90%,23.40%,17.2%,14.5%,and 9.00%,respectively.The longer the particle size was,the lower the abundance was.The results show that the abundance of microplastics on the beaches of the Shandong Peninsula is generally lower than that at home and abroad,but there is a big difference with the results of other regions,which may be related to the region flotation aperture and other factors.In this study,the ecological risk of microplastics in Shandong Peninsula was evaluated by calculating the pollution load index.The results showed that the pollution levels of all beaches in Shandong Peninsula were mildly polluted.The proportion of microplastics components is PT(30.30%),RY(30.30%),PET(21.20%),PS(7.57%),PP(3.03%),UR(1.52%),EPD(1.52%),EVA(1.52%).(3)Study on pollution problems and countermeasures of marine debris and microplastics.Through literature research and policy review,it can be seen that the pollution problems of marine debris and microplastics mainly include six aspects,such as the weak awareness of ocean protection of human beings,the difficulty of plastic debris storage and disposal,the fragmentation and segmentation of pollution control,the neglect of cigarette butts waste pollution and the disadvantages of traditional fishing gear.By collating the response strategies of developed countries such as the United States,Japan,Canada and the European Union,and combining the pollution status of marine debris and microplastics on the Shandong Peninsula,proposed to encourage people to participate in the marine debris and microplastics pollution treatment,plastic enterprise transformation and technology upgrading,the development of relevant industries cooperation and communication linkage control,carry out key marine debris pollution prevention and control of special planning,strengthen the management and recycling of cigarette butts debris,waste disposal of the fishing net and so on six countermeasures,in order to respond to prop up the marine debris and microplastics pollution.