| Wetland is one of the most dynamic ecosystems in nature and an important environment for human survival.Jianghan Plain is located in Hubei Province,a province with thousands of lakes,and rivers and lakes are rich in freshwater resources.As the main domestic aquaculture base,wetland freshwater resources are of great significance to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain and even the whole country.In recent years,the natural wetland area of Hubei Province has shrunk and the artificial wetland area has increased.Jianghan Plain,as the most concentrated wetland ecosystem in Hubei Province,this phenomenon is very obvious.This paper takes Jianghan Plain as the research area,selects three periods in 2000,2010 and2020,uses 30 M resolution remote sensing image and Globe Land30 land use data to extract wetland distribution area and calculate its landscape pattern index.Spatial autocorrelation method,transfer matrix,centroid migration,cold spot hot spot and other methods were used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of wetlands in Jianghan Plain.The driving factors of wetland change were explored through the geographical detectors,and the main conclusions were as follows:From 2000 to 2020,the land use type transfer was mainly from dry land to wetland,and the transfer occurred in the south of songzi City and Yingcheng City diagonally.In the past 20 years,the proportion of wetland area also increased by 8%,and the increase type was paddy wetland,with an area change rate of 214.16%.The increase area was mainly in the southern areas of Qianjiang City and Jianli County,among which the river area decreased by 11.77%and the lake area decreased by 21.96%.The center of mass of wetland shifted southward,from Xiantao City in 2000 and 2010 to Qianjiang City in 2020.The distribution of wetlands showed positive spatial autocorrelation and clustering pattern,and the hot spots gradually moved to the central and southern regions,which was consistent with the expansion trend of constructed wetlands.The changes of wetland landscape pattern index showed that the number of constructed wetland patches in Jianghan Plain increased,the degree of fragmentation was high,and the overall wetland showed an unbalanced development.Wetland change is greatly influenced by natural factors and location factors,while GDP and population density are also the driving forces of wetland change in recent years.To clarify the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and evolution rules of wetland in Jianghan Plain,and reveal its driving mechanism,it will inspire and think about the protection of natural wetland,the management of constructed wetland,the promotion of wetland to regional economic development and the maintenance of regional ecosystem health. |
