Analysis Of Gastrointestinal Virus Community And Genetic Characteristics Of Novel Viruses In Animals From Zoo

Due to its ‘new onset’,emerging infectious diseases are tend to cause emergent public security events with ferovious onset,rapid and wide spread,which threaten the living environment and health of human beings seriously.Viruses are dominant among various pathogens that cause emerging infectious diseases.In recent years,viral infectious diseases that have spread around the world frequently breakout.For example,"SARS" in 2002 was caused by SARS-Co V,and COVID-19 was caused by SARS-Co V-2.Up to now,the number of deaths caused by COVID-19 has reached 6.09 million,posing a serious threat to the lives of people around the world.The origin of COVID-19 is still unclear,and bats are thought to be its natural host.In nature,animals carry a large number of viruses in/on,many of which are unknown to humans.A recent study published in the journal "mbio" shows that there may be as many as320,000 kinds of viruses in mammals,of which 70% can infect humans,such as HIV,Ebola virus and MERS-Co V.For a large number of unknown viruses carried by animals,traditional virus detection methods are difficult to identify due to their respective shortcomings.Viral metagenomics has the unique advantage of studying all viral nucleic acids in samples without relying on known virus sequences.It plays an important role in the diagnosis and prevention of disease.Therefore,the use of viral metagenomics methods combined with corresponding analysis methods to understand the composition of the gastrointestinal virus community in animals,to discovery pathogenic viruses and analyze their genome structure and genetic evolution relationship,has a great impact on the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of viral diseases;and provide corresponding theoretical support for the potential outbreak of human-infected mammalian-derived viral diseases.For this purpose,this study used viral metagenomics to construct libraries of 72 animals fecal specimens collected from Youngor Zoo,Fangshan Forest Zoo,Longemont,Hangzhou Wildlife Park,Hangzhou Bay Wetland Park and Hangzhou Zoo.The major contents of the study are listed:1.Analysis of virus community:The 72 animals are divided into herbivore,carnivore and omnivore according to their feeding habits.The gastrointestinal virus community of herbivores mainly includes: Genomoviridae(26.20%),Smacoviridae(21.68%),Circoviridae(19.03%),Ascoviridae(10.07%),Poxviridae(3.40%),Herpesviridae(2.82%),Parvoviridae(2.48%),Polyomaviridae(2.35%),Other(4.43%).The gastrointestinal virus community of carnivores mainly includes: Anelloviridae(83.24%),Genomoviridae(5.24%),Parvoviridae(3.29%),Picornaviridae(2.11%),Herpesviridae(1.88%),Circoviridae(0.75%),Astroviridae(0.66%),Other(2.83%).The gastrointestinal virus community of omnivores mainly includes: Parvoviridae(46.15%),Picornaviridae(14.69%),Smacoviridae(9.86%),Genomoviridae(8.39%),Circoviridae(4.34%),Ascoviridae(4.28%),Poxviridae(3.39%),Herpesviridae(2.88%),Baculoviridae(1.08%),Other(4.94%).2.Identification and phylogenetic analysis of pathogenic viruses:In this study,a total of 149 viral sequences were obtained from 68 libraries,of which pathogenic viruses included: 12 strains of gyrovirus,six strains of bocaparvovirus,two strains of protoparvovirus,four strains of unclassified parvovius,a strain of unclassified densovirus,a strain of protoambidensovirus and three strains of chaphamaparvovirus,three strains of unclassified astrovirus,a strain of picobirnavirus,a strain of unclassified picobirnavirus,a strain of betapolyomavirus,33 strains of genomovirus,25 strains of smacovirus,55 strains of circovirus and unclassified ss DNA viruses and sequence fragments.After obtaining the virus sequence,the BLASTx sequence alignment and genome structure was analyzed,and the phylogenetic analysis was performed according to the specific protein sequence,so as to analyze its genetic relationship.Conclusions:Using viral metagenomics to analyze the gastrointestinal virus community of 72 animals,it is found that the similarities and differences coexist in the gastrointestinal virus community of animals with different feeding habits,and the composition of the gastrointestinal virus community in the three different feeding habits animals is abundant,involving a variety of pathogenic viruses that can infect humans and mammals.However,there are great differences in the composition of gastrointestinal virus communities in animals of the three feeding habits,and the composition of gastrointestinal virus in animals with more abundant feeding species is also more abundant.149 virus sequences from 10 virological families,genome structure and phylogenetic analysis were performed,and identified 52 potential novel viruses that may infect humans,including:four novel bocaparvoviruses isolate 138 Par,151Par,138 Parv and 155Parv-1(Gen Bank no.OM892325,OM892326,OM892334 and OM892336),151 Par strain was the first novel bocaparvovirus identified from Asian elephant fecal samples,a novel chaphamaparvovirus isolate 206Hama(Gen Bank no.OM892333),a novel protoparvovirus isolate 190Parv-1(Gen Bank no.OM892339),two novel unclassified parvoviruses isolate 157 Par and 143Parv(Gen Bank no.OM892327 and OM892335),a novel picobirnavirus isolate 132Picobi(Gen Bank no.OM892323),a novel betapolyomavirus isolate 210Poly(Gen Bank no.OM892372),two novel unclassified genomovirus isolate 131 Gen and 155Gen(Gen Bank no.OM892288 and OM892298);three novel porprismacoviruses isolate 158 Smaco,167Smaco-1 and 173Smaco(Gen Bank no.OM892347,OM892350 and OM892354),two novel felismacoviruses isolate 198 Smaco and 199Smaco(Gen Bank no.OM892358 and OM892359),one novel circovirus isolate 159Circo-1(Gen Bank no.OM892368),34 novel unclassified ss DNA viruses and other sequence fragments.