| At present,the global economy is becoming more integrated,and the competition between countries is becoming more and more fierce.All countries in the world turn their attention to the field of science and technology.The development of national core competitiveness driven by scientific and technological innovation has become the mainstream position of various countries.Research and development(hereinafter referred to as R&D)activities,as an inevitable requirement for the country and enterprises to carry out innovative activities,are not only a prerequisite for the improvement of the country’s comprehensive national strength,but also the main handle for enterprises to improve their own core competitiveness.An important part of the economy,the efficiency of innovation activities determines whether it can achieve efficient operation and maintain a good competitiveness.For Shaanxi Province,the industrial industry is its main pillar industry and plays a vital role in economic growth.At present,the industrial industry in Shaanxi Province is in a critical period of transformation.The development status quo,understanding of the current shortcomings of Shaanxi Province’s industrial industry,and prescribing the right medicine are the realistic path to achieve high-quality and efficient development of Shaanxi Province’s industry.Therefore,it is of far-reaching significance to systematically analyze and comprehensively evaluate the R&D input-output efficiency of industrial enterprises above designated size in Shaanxi Province,analyze the transformation of R&D input-output efficiency of industrial enterprises above designated size in Shaanxi Province,and put forward suggestions for improving R&D efficiency.This paper takes the industrial enterprises above designated size in Shaanxi Province as the main research object,Analyzes the current situation of R&D of industrial enterprises above designated size in Shaanxi Province.Through the horizontal comparison with the national provinces and vertical time series,the DEA-BCC and DEA-Malmquist models are used to study the R&D input-output efficiency of industrial enterprises above designated size in Shaanxi Province and all provinces in China from static and dynamic perspectives,respectively.On this basis,the TOBIT model is used to further explore the factors that affect the R&D input-output efficiency of industrial enterprises above designated size from six perspectives:government support,enterprise attention,enterprise investment intensity,high-level talent ratio,degree of opening to the outside world,and enterprise scale.The above research shows that:(1)By comparing the current situation of R&D input and output of industrial enterprises above designated size in Shaanxi Province with the national average level,it can be seen that the overall coverage of scientific and technological innovation in Shaanxi Province is relatively narrow,and the number of enterprises with scientific research activities is much lower than The national average level has exposed the problem that the R&D innovation awareness of industrial enterprises above designated size in Shaanxi Province is not strong.In terms of input,the input of R&D manpower equivalent and internal expenditure of funds in Shaanxi Province has slowed down in growth rate,and the gap with the national average level is more obvious.Corresponding to the perspective of input,in terms of output,the sales revenue of new products and the number of valid invention patents in Shaanxi Province are both at the middle and lower levels of the country.From the perspective of subdivided industries,the manufacturing industry occupies a larger proportion than the mining industry and occupies a dominant position,but it has the characteristics of uneven development.Factors have slowed down or even negative growth.(2)Through the DEA-BCC static efficiency measurement,it can be seen that the comprehensive efficiency of industrial enterprises above designated size in Shaanxi Province has increased slightly from 2011 to 2019,but it is still lower than the national average level and is in the middle and lower reaches of the country.From the perspective of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency,pure technical efficiency in Shaanxi Province is the main shortcoming,which reflects the shortcomings of Shaanxi Province in terms of production technology,policy system and management level.The scale efficiency is relatively high but has not yet reached DEA.Effective,combined with the redundancy analysis of the DEA-BCC model,the input factors in Shaanxi Province have not been reasonably utilized,and there is a phenomenon of waste.The rational allocation and utilization of input factors should be paid attention to.Through the dynamic measurement of Malmquist efficiency,it can be seen that the main shortcoming of the R&D efficiency improvement of enterprises above designated size in Shaanxi Province in 2011-2015 lies in pure technical efficiency.In 2015-2019,pure technical efficiency has been improved,but the overall level is still low,the change in scale efficiency is small,which further shows that Shaanxi Province should further improve pure technical efficiency and achieve optimal scale efficiency.(3)Through the analysis of efficiency influencing factors of the Tobit model,it can be seen that among the main factors affecting the R&D efficiency of industrial enterprises above designated size,The input-output efficiency of R&D is positively correlated with the importance of enterprises,the proportion of high-level talents,and the degree of opening to the outside world,and is negatively correlated with the scale of enterprises.Based on the above analysis,and finally for the above empirical research,this paper proposes to improve the technical level,optimize resource allocation,enhance innovation awareness,achieve balanced development,focus on talent introduction,build innovative teams,strengthen external exchanges,facilitate technological progress,and transform government functions.Five recommendations for guiding role. |
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