Microbial Diversities In The Soils With Different Altitudes And Vegetations In Wuyishan National Park

Microbes are an important part of the soil ecosystem,and soil microbial diversities are of great significance to the sustainable development of various functions.Soil microbial diversities and function are affected by environmental factors such as altitudes and vegetations.In order to understand the distribution characteristics and functions of microorganisms diversities at different altitudes and under vegetations in Wuyishan National Park.Representative rhizosphere were collected from five different altitudes（500 m to 2100 m）with typical vegetation types respectively,including evergreen broad-leaved forest（EBF）,coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest（HJ）,coniferous forest（CF）,subalpine dwarf forest（DF）,and alpine meadow（AM）.Bacterial and fungal communities were analyzed using the method of High-throughput sequencing,based on the 16S and 18S rRNA genes as molecular respectively.Soil microorganisms with community-level physiological profiles were monitored using Biolog ECO-plates.The correlations between soil microbial diversities and soil properties were analyzed.The results are as follows:1、Illumina Mesiq high-throughput sequencing results showed that a total of 785,556 effective bacterial sequences were detected in five vegetation types of soil,including 27 phyla,67 classes,167 orders,277families,440 genera,and 848 species.The largest number of OTUs was2099 which were found in the soils within the mixed vegetation with the coniferous and broad-leaved,and the least number was 1,512 which was from that of the evergreen broad-leaved forests,Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacterial at the phylum level,and the percentage of the sum of the two phyla was over to 97.66%.The highest Chao1 index was 2011.80 which was from the soil of the coniferous;That of and the lowest was 1390.00 from that of the evergreen broad-leaved forest.A total of 797826 effective sequences were detected for fungi,including 36 phyla,63 classes,91 orders,118 families,135 genera and194 species.The largest amount of OTUs was 439 which from the soils of the coniferous;and the smallest amount was 345 in the soil with the evergreen broad-leaved.At the phylum level,Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungi at the phylum level,and the percentage sum of the two was over 86.22%.The Chao1 index of soil fungal diversity in various vegetations was the highest in coniferous forests at 366.82;the lowest in evergreen broad-leaved forests at 286.6.Sample level cluster analysis and principal component analysis（PCA）showed that there were significant differences in the composition of soil bacterial and fungal composition among different altitude and vegetations.2、Multi-level species discriminant analysis（LEfSe and LDA）shows that the dominant microbial communities enriched in the soils with different altitudes and vegetations,and the bacterial lineages that significantly enriched in the soils of evergreen broad-leaved forest including:actinomycetes（Actinobacteria）,Alphaproteobacteria,Corynebacteria,and Acidothermus.Some eukaryotas also enriched including Eurotiomycetes,Russula Russulales and Chaetothyriales;the bacteria enriched in the soil of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest such as Candidatus＿Solibacter.Sordariales enriched at the level of order;Xanthobacteraceae and Chthoniobacteraceae families enriched in the soil with conifers;Agaricales and Saccharomycetales also enriched in the soil.Hypocreales and Ascomycetes enrich in the soil of dwarf pine;the bacteria that are significantly Koribacteraceae at the family level and HSB＿OF53＿F07.Microbotryomycetes and Leucosporidiales at the genus level enriched in the soil of alpine meadows.3、Through analysis of the correlation between soil microbial communities and soil chemical factors,it was found that Proteobacteria in the dominant bacterial communities of each vegetation at the phylum level were associated with nitrate nitrogen（NO₃^--N）and available potassium（AK）.There was a significant positive correlation（P<0.05）,Acidobacteria（TP）and organic matter（OM）were significantly positively correlated（P<0.05）;Ascomycota and NO₃^--N at the phylum level is a significant negative correlation（P<0.05）,a significant positive correlation with OM（P<0.05）,Basidiomycota and pH,AK,total nitrogen（TN）have a significant positive correlation（P<0.05）.There is a negative correlation between the AWCD value and functional diversity index of soil microbes and pH,and a positive correlation with soil available phosphorus（AP）,OM,TP,NH₄⁺-N,NO₃^--N.4、The results of the carbon metabolism function of soil microbial showed that the AWCD values of soil microbes were increased with the incubation time.The AWCD value was the largest in the soil of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,while that of the subalpine dwarf forest was the smallest.The soil microbes of different vegetations.There were significant differences in the utilization of sugar,amino acids,alcohols and esters of carbon sources in the soils microorganisms among the five vegetations.The specific performance is that the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest has the highest utilization intensity and the subalpine dwarf forest has the lowest.The Simpson,Shannon and McIntosh with coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests were higher than those of the other four vegetations.Principal component analysis found that both sugars and acids were the most important factors on the functional diversity of the microbial community in the soils among the 5planted soils,and the carbon source utilization types of soil microorganisms were significantly changed in different vegetations.