| With the development of mobile communication technology,phased array antennas have become one of the key technologies of 5G millimeter-wave communication due to their beam agility,synthesis and decomposition capabilities.However,millimeter-wave phased array antennas face problems such as narrow beam scanning range and reduced scanning gain.Therefore,improving the scanning performance of millimeter-wave phased arrays has become a hot research topic in recent years.In view of the performance limitations and technical bottlenecks of phased array antennas,under the funding of the National Natural Science Foundation of China's project "Millimeter Wave Wide-angle Scanning Phased Array Packaged Antenna Research for 5G Applications",this article has carried out in-depth research on antenna beam broadening methods,array decoupling,and wide-angle scanning phased array design methods,mainly including the following parts:1.A wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a wide-beam antenna element loaded with a vertical electric wall is proposed.Taking the microstrip patch as the main radiation part,a beam broadening method based on vertical electric wall loading is proposed,that is,by loading and bending the vertical electric wall on the E-plane,the horizontal pointing beam of the monopole is introduced,thereby broadening the beamwidth of the patch antenna,a wide-band and wide beamwidth antenna element with a 3dB beamwidth greater than108° is realized.On this basis,a 1×9 wide-angle scanning phased array antenna is designed by using a split resonant ring with stop band characteristics as a decoupling structure.The scanning range can reach ±62°,and the gain fluctuation is within 3dB.2.A wide-angle scanning phased array packaged antenna based on a 45° polarized wide-beam antenna element is proposed.Combining the principle of beam broadening loaded by a vertical electric wall,a beam broadening method for a 45° polarized antenna is proposed,that is,by changing the position of the vertical electric wall to increase the beamwidth,and adopting both single-ended and differential feeding modes,designed a 45° polarized antenna element with beams broadened in the horizontal and vertical planes,where differential feeding can improve the symmetry of the pattern.On this basis,a 4×4 phased array antenna is realized by using the LTCC packaging process.The actual measurement verifies the wide-angle scanning performance of ±55°,and the gain fluctuation is within 3dB.3.A wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a single magnetic current wide-beam antenna element is proposed.Starting from the radiation mechanism of the patch antenna,a beam broadening method based on a single magnetic current is proposed,that is,by short-circuiting one radiation side of the patch to ground,the original dual magnetic current evolves into single magnetic current radiation,broaden the beam width of the patch antenna on the basis of miniaturization.At the same time,the parasitic patch is loaded to increase the bandwidth,and a wide-beam antenna element that can cover 23.3?28GHz and the beamwidth is greater than 140° is designed.On this basis,a coupling cancellation path is introduced,and a4×4 millimeter-wave phased array antenna is designed,the isolation is higher than 20 dB,the scanning range can reach ±62°,and the gain is reduced within 2dB. |
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