Scalable Storage Model For Account-based Blockchain

Blockchain technology has developed rapidly and is applied in a variety of fields.Blockchain provides a management method with anti-tampering,decentralization,security,and anonymity for data.It is deployed in a distributed environment,can establish trust between entities without the participation of a third party,provides value transfer services,and improves efficiency.As a type of the Blockchain transaction models,the account-based blockchain has been widely studied and applied.It has several bottlenecks and shortcomings.(1)The linked list structure adopted by the blockchain means that its data continue to grow linearly.As data grows,a single node may not be able to provide enough storage capacity,which poses a challenge to the storage scalability of blockchain systems.(2)Although the light node model for blockchain greatly reduces the consumption of storage resources,transactions cannot be verified due to the lack of block body that stores transactions,and various operations of the light node need to be completed by other full nodes.(3)The current full nodes of the blockchain voluntarily store blocks,and provide synchronization services for the remaining nodes,by consuming its own bandwidth and computing resources without compensation,which affects the enthusiasm of the full nodes.The above three points may lead to the drop of the number of full nodes and the decrease in the degree of decentralization,thereby threatening the security of blockchain networks.In view of the problem of blockchain data storage schemes,shard storage technology is used to alleviate it: the existing UTXO-based blockchain(only storage of transaction records)caches UTXO(Unspent Transaction Outputs)and adopts shard storage technology to store blocks,reducing node storage resource consumption,reducing node resource requirements,and increasing blocks Chain storage scalability.At present,the account-type blockchain has not yet proposed a mature scalable storage solution.The transactional blockchain scalable storage model is applied to the account-type blockchain.The state data cannot be generated solely by the node storage block data and needs to be resolved.State data generation and storage issues to achieve transaction verification under shard storage.This article analyzes the storage model of the account-based blockchain and finds that the usage frequency of state data is much higher than that of the block data.Therefore,a scalable storage model of account-based blockchain(Scalable storage model of account)is proposed.-based blockchain,SSMAB).SSMAB divides blockchain data into state data and block data,and adopts different storage strategies for the two types of data.The state data is stored in a completely redundant manner,and the SSMAB transaction verification function is realized with a small consumption of storage resources;the model uses the fragmented storage technology to store the blocks in the network in fragments.In the existing blockchain sharded storage model,there is no economic incentive mechanism,and nodes only guarantee to meet the minimum storage requirements of the model,and cannot effectively guarantee data availability.The model adopts an economic incentive mechanism to encourage nodes to store block data,reduce the consumption of storage resources,and use model parameters to ensure data reliability and availability.This article implements the SSMAB node prototype on Ethereum,using Ethereum transaction data to test the storage scalability of the SSMAB node,including transaction verification,block packaging,performance of transactions per second,and storage resource consumption.Experiments show that the SSMAB node has the function of a full node,which can improve the storage scalability of the blockchain system and ensure the security of the blockchain network.On the premise of ensuring data reliability and availability,the SSMAB node has a data volume of 13% of the full node.