A Blockchain Based Security Incentive Mechanism In Crowdsensing Applications

Crowdsensing is the process of collecting data,analyzing information and sharing knowledge by forming an interactive and participatory sensing network through a large number of mobile devices.In recent years,data collection and analysis have attracted more and more attention from enterprises,and crowdsensing has gradually become a research hotspot.However,the data collection of crowdsensing costs the users' time and effort,consum the power,computing and storage of mobile devices,and may reveal the private information such as location.Then these costs and risks discourage rational users from participating in crowdsensing.So it is necessary to design a reasonable and security incentive mechanism in crowdsensing.The existing incentive mechanism designs mainly include the reputation mechanism,reciprocal mechanism and electronic money-based incentive mechanism.In the reputation mechanism,dishonest nodes may initiate sybil attacks and whitewash attacks to interfere with the normal operation of the system.The reciprocal mechanism motivates users through exchange services,which lacks flexibility.In addition,the incentive mechanism based on electronic money relies on third-party trusted centers,which has security risks.Therefore,the research content of this paper is as follows:(1)The third-party authoritative center may abuse the users' information,encounter data failure or be attacked by attackers.To solve these problems,we propose a blockchain-based incentive framework of the crowdsensing,which regards the incentive process between the sensing platform and the sensing user as a transaction.These transactions are verified by the miners in the blockchain then packaged into blocks and linked to the blockchain.Since the blockchain is maintained by all nodes of miners,the mechanism can effectively prevent authoritative fraud,single-point crashes and hacker attacks,and overcome the inherent security weakness of third parties.(2)To addresses the issue that the miners may illegally obtain remuneration through initiate counterfeiting attacks,collusion attacks or leaking user privacy,we proposes a transaction verification model based on node cooperation.Nodes form k-anonymous groups,and intra-group nodes use signcryption for communication within a group.The group administrator aggregates the user's sensing data onto the group to form group data,and the miner only verifies the group data quality,thereby isolating the user's private information in the group and preventing user privacy leakage.(3)Combining the incentive mechanism and privacy protection method,the crowdsensing system based on Hyperledger platform is built.We implement various system functions such as user management and data management through smart contracts and applications.Besides,we verified the security,effectiveness and feasibility of the blockchain-based incentive mechanism.