Precision Measurement Of Microwave Power Using Rydberg Atoms

With the rapid development of science and technology and social economy,metrology plays an increasingly important role in various fields.The international metrology organizations and scientific research institutions represented by the China National Institute of Metrology are continuously pursuing the absolute measurement and quantitative value unification of basic physical quantities,and directly trace the source to the international system of units(SI),promoting the rapid transition of metrology from macroscopic physical reference to quantum(natural)reference.The precise measurement of microwave power has always been one of the hot topics in the research of international metrology organizations and scientific research institutions.The research work in this paper is aimed at the current microwave power measurement methods that cannot achieve high sensitivity,high accuracy measurement,and the inability to directly measure effectively trace back to the basic international unit system and other issues,carry out research on microwave power precision measurement based on the Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect,and systematically analyze the experimental measurement uncertainty.The main work of this article includes:(1)Develop a microwave power precision measurement device and related quantum sensors;design an atomic vapor cell with low electromagnetic disturbance.By comparing with ordinary atomic gas chambers,it is found that the new type of atomic vapor cell can effectively reduce the gas station interior.The influence of waves on experimental measurement results reduces the measurement uncertainty and improves the measurement accuracy of microwave power in guided wave systems.(2)Through the research and analysis of the performance of the microwave power measurement system,optimize some experimental parameters of the system,and systematically analyze the uncertainty of the experimental measurement results;when performing the uncertainty analysis,first determine Uncertainty source,establish uncertainty model,systematically analyze multiple factors such as environmental factors,temperature,laser power,nonlinear effects,atomic vapor cell disturbance,impedance matching,etc,to calculate the uncertainty of microwave power measurement.(3)In the next research,in order to further reduce the uncertainty of microwave power measurement,reduce the influence of the atomic vapor cell on the experimental results,and improve the measurement accuracy,a new type of quantum measurement device is proposed.This device is expected to solve the problem due to vapor cell.The influence of indoor resonance and electromagnetic scattering effects on measurement accuracy.Compared with traditional power measurement,the method of Rydberg atomic measurement of microwave power can be directly traced to basic physical constants,with higher measurement accuracy and less uncertainty.The above work is to establish a system that can be directly traced to the International System of Units.Microwave power measurement standards provide a theoretical basis and technical support.