Design And Implementation Of An RFID-and Blockchain-Based Anti-counterfeiting Product Tracing System

The sustainable and stable development of economy and trade relies on efficient and secure supply chains.However,there are plenty of counterfeited products,such that the rights and interests of enterprises and consumers are seriously infringed.For those ones without professional capabilities to identify counterfeits,the trace of a product could serve as evidence for proving its authenticity.Therefore,product tracing is an effective way to reduce counterfeits in supply chains.RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)and blockchain are considered as key technologies for product tracing.The wireless communication property of RFID greatly enhances the efficiency of product identification.And tag authentication also facilitates product authentication.The existing RFID-based supply chain systems mainly focus on tag-reader communication security(for example,tag authentication and privacy protection,etc.),while ignore the security of transaction information sharing among supply chain participants.Blockchain,which essentially is an immutable and traceable distributed ledger,is expected to trigger disruptive revolution to supply chains.The existing blockchain-based supply chain systems mainly take advantage of the immutability of blockchain to store transaction information,while lack consideration on establishing verifiable association between transaction information and real-world product transfer.We propose and implement an anti-counterfeiting product tracing system based on RFID and blockchain technologies.In our system,verifiable supply chain transaction credentials are kept on blockchain.Given a transaction,only through interacting with the RFID tags which are attached on the corresponding products,a supply chain participant can generate a valid credential.These verifiable credentials guarantee the reliability of product trace information published on blockchain.We first establish an adversary model and study security requirements of RFID-and blockchain-based supply chain system.Then we design functional modules of the system,including RFID authentication protocol,smart contracts on the blockchain,transaction credential generation and verification module,and user interaction module.We provide security analysis of the system from three aspects,RFID authentication protocol,credential verification,and product ownership transfer procedure.Finally,we implement the system,go through some running cases,andconduct performance evaluation.Analysis show that our RFID-and blockchain-based anti-counterfeiting product tracing system is secure and potentially adoptable.