| Neuroimaging technology can record the process of nerve activity and provide information with high spatial and temporal resolution.Among many technologies,Electroencephalograph is used for non-invasive,high-time resolution real-time recording of neural activity in the brain,and functional magnetic resonance imaging is used for non-invasive,high-resolution spatial imaging of neural activity in the brain.With the rise of neuroimaging research,the data of related research has increased sharply,but the consistency of the results is poor,so the reproducibility of research results has become one of the hot issues in the academic community.At present,meta-analysis technology is more and more commonly used in the fields of biology and medicine to solve this problem.Statistical methods are used to summarize and analyze the results of multiple experiments to provide quantitative results to answer research questions.Vision is one of the most needed feelings in human production and life.Visual information accounts for more than 80% of all brain information input.Among many visual phenomena,visual recognition is especially critical.Humans are good at object recognition in complex backgrounds.The visual recognition process behind this is one of the hotspots in current research.In the research of visual recognition mechanism,visual experts are important research objects.Visual experts refer to those individuals with excellent visual recognition ability,whose ability is obtained through long-term training,and their behavior performance is stable.For a long time,many research groups around the world have used these two neuroimaging techniques to explore the cognitive neural mechanism of vision experts.In summary,there are two common research ideas.The first is to analyze the visual expert's expert skills by studying the difference between the brain response of visual experts and non-experts(group: experts vs non-experts).The second is to analyze the brain representation of the visual expert's expert skills by studying the differences in the brain response of the visual expert when performing different task states(expert target vs non-expert target).Compared with ordinary subjects,visual experts are not easy to obtain.Due to the limitation of the sample size of the study,the choice of subjects,and the difference in statistical analysis methods,the results of multiple research groups are different.Therefore,the international academic community adopts meta-methods for quantitative statistical analysis based on the research data in the existing published literature on the inconsistency of research results on the same topic.This paper uses the Meta method to solve the problem of inconsistent experimental results for the brain representation problem of visual expert skills,and quantitatively analyzes the key factors that affect the consistency of results.First of all,the brain responses of visual experts based on fMRI in different task states are not uniform.In this study,22 published researches from 25419 related researches on the differences of visual experts in different task states were selected for meta-analysis,including 313 visual experts.In this paper,based on the coordinate data previously reported on f MRI visual neural mechanism in task state,using the method of signed differential mapping(SDM)meta-analysis,the brain activation of visual experts in different task states is quantitatively studied,and the consistent brain activation intensity and pattern are obtained.The results of this article indicate that when visual experts perform expert tasks,they integrate a brain network that is different from non-visual experts.The activation of key nodes of the network is significantly different from that of non-experts.It supports the professional knowledge and skills of visual experts,namely: expert visual object recognition is a process of visual processing,memory,attention and semantic processing.Secondly,previous researchers did not get a more consistent result on whether N170 component is a component directly related to visual experts' skills,so this study selected 24 published literature from 11685 related researches for meta-analysis on the differences between visual experts' processing of expert objects and non-experts' objects,and between visual experts and non-experts' processing of expert objects,including 351 visual experts of various types.The results of meta-analysis show that N170 component or greater N170 amplitude [SMD value =-0.501,confidence interval =-0.647-(-0.355)] is found in the differences of visual recognition of various types of visual experts.This meta-analysis study found that N170 component is not a specific component for face recognition process,but a component directly related to the experience and skills of visual experts.After many years of contact and training of experts' targets,visual experts have obtained stable and directly related visual recognition experience,which leads to brain plasticity changes.It has a strengthening effect on related visual systems,especially the advanced visual processing systems involving memory and attention,which shows that they activate related visual areas more effectively.Therefore,N170 component can be considered as a brain representation of visual expert skills. |
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