Research On Mathematics Entrance Examination Questions Of Famous Universities In Japan And Its Enlightenment To Mathematics Education In China

From 2020,China will cancel the independent enrollment examination of colleges and universities and implement the "strong foundation plan" in 36 pilot colleges and universities to improve the quality of talent selection and talent training.As an important part of the national talent strategy,how to reasonably set up selection questions and talent training has undoubtedly become a new challenge for China.In Japan,which is also a powerful country in East Asia,its talent selection system and test questions have evolved for decades and have formed a relatively perfect selection system and relatively mature selection test questions.The entrance examination in Japan is an important way to select gifted universities in Japan.The research on the entrance examination questions of famous universities in Japan can deeply explore the setting characteristics and direction of talent selection questions in developed countries,and provide a new perspective for the setting of gifted selection questions such as the "strong foundation plan" in China.This study combines qualitative analysis with quantitative research.Firstly,after qualitative analysis of the general situation and knowledge points of the entrance examination questions of eight famous universities in Japan in recent five years,it comes to the conclusion that their examination questions pay attention to the content of calculus;Secondly,the knowledge breadth model and the comprehensive difficulty model are used to quantitatively study the calculus questions of Tokyo University,Kyoto University and Tokyo University of technology,and further explore the characteristics of the gifted selection questions of Japanese universities;Finally,through the comparison of the question type,content and difficulty of gifted selection questions between China and Japan,the similarities and differences between the two countries are obtained.Based on the above research and the views of high school and college mathematics teachers,the corresponding proposition of gifted selection questions and the setting suggestions of calculus content in high school are given.By studying the entrance examination questions of famous Japanese universities and comparing the gifted selection questions between China and Japan,this paper draws the following conclusions.Based on the research on the characteristics of test questions in famous universities in Japan,it is concluded that its characteristics include:（1）there are few questions,but the operation intensity is high;（2）The topic is concise,but the requirement of logical analysis ability is high;（3）Investigate students’ comprehensive mathematical quality;（4）Higher mathematics,especially calculus knowledge,accounts for a large proportion.In the analysis of calculus test questions of three top universities in Japan,the main characteristics are as follows:（1）pay attention to the examination of "limit" knowledge points;（2）The breadth of calculus examination knowledge in the three schools has changed steadily;（3）The examination knowledge of calculus is differentiated;（4）This part of knowledge attaches great importance to the examination of students’ comprehensive quality.By comparing the test questions between China and Japan,the following conclusions are drawn:（1）the question types of gifted students in China and Japan have their own emphases;（2）The examination questions of gifted students in China and Japan are concise,and the examination of students’ quality has its own emphasis;（3）There are great differences in the connection content of "senior（middle）University（school）" in the selection and examination of gifted students between China and Japan.Combined with the interviews of senior high school front-line teachers and college teachers,teachers’ understanding of the role and status of calculus in gifted selection mainly includes:（1）calculus plays an important role in mathematics learning;（2）The examination of calculus is an important part of talent selection.The research on the entrance examination questions of mathematics in famous universities in Japan has the following enlightenment for the selection and education of gifted students in Mathematics in China:（1）we should strengthen the "connection between high（middle）and University（learning）" of gifted students’ knowledge;（2）The selection of gifted students should pay attention to the examination of students’ mathematical thought;（3）The independent selection of colleges and universities needs to meet the needs of all majors in the University.In the teaching of calculus in middle school,it is suggested that the content of limit can be added on the basis of the existing content of calculus;Secondly,according to the specific situation of students in the school,divide the teaching into classes or choose the teaching materials of difficulty version a and B;Finally,the mathematics teaching of some science gifted students can permeate the content of Higher Mathematics in advance.