The Relationship Between Failure Mentality And Reflection On Failure Experience In High School Students And Its Educational Enlightenment

High school students will experience all kinds of failures in their life and study,but there are different views on failure.Some people will regard failure as a good thing,and they can learn from failure and draw experience and lessons for the next time.But some people think that failure is shameful,will have to avoid or deny the idea of failure.This investigation consists of two studies.First,through a questionnaire survey,we explore whether students with positive and negative failure attitudes have different ways of coping with failure.Secondly,through narrative research,this investigation explores the differences between students with different failure mindset in their active reflection on failure experience and in the content of passive reflection on rational explanation of failure experience.By discussing the differences between students with different failure mindset in the face of failure,we can find ways to improve students’ positive failure mentality,put forward some suggestions on education and teaching,and promote students’ mental health development.In the first study,the failure Mindsets Scale and Coping Style Scale of Middle School Students were used to measure 412 senior high school students in a middle school in Tianjin,including 209 boys and 199 girls.The gender of 4 students was not reported,with an average age of 15.25±0.33 years.The following results were obtained:（1）Senior high school students are more inclined to adopt mature ways of problem solving and reasonable explanation to deal with failures and setbacks,and less adopt negative ways of emotional coping.（2）In the face of failure,girls are more negative and tend to seek social support,vent their emotions,deny or fantasize to deal with failure,while boys tend to give reasonable explanations for failure.（3）There is a significant positive correlation between students with positive failure mindset and the dimensions of problem-solving coping style;Students with negative failure mindset were significantly positively correlated with tolerance,avoidance,denial and fantasy in emotion-oriented coping.In study 2,85 participants from study 1 were selected,including 45 positive failure mindsets group（20 girls,25 boys）and 40 negative failure mindsets group（10 boys,30 girls）,with an average age of 15.95±0.39 years.Using the qualitative research method,participants were asked to describe a failure experience,and students were guided to reflect passively on the rational explanation of failure experience.The results are as follows :（1）the students in the positive failure mindset group had more active reflection and were more aware of the attribution of failure and the positive role of failure in the content of reflection.（2）After the guide students to reflect on failure,the different failure group mindset for reasonable interpretation of the failure of passive reflection,positive mindset failure group of students are more likely to mention their own positive qualities,and changed the attitude towards failure,can from a more positive perspective.Combining the findings of Study 1 and study 2,the following educational recommendations are made:1.Students with a positive attitude of failure tend to adopt a problem-solving approach,while those with a negative attitude of failure tend to adopt an emotion-oriented approach,which requires teachers to guide students to have a reasonable cognition of failure and train students to adopt a positive approach of problem-solving.2.When actively reflecting on failure experience,students in the positive failure mindset group were more inclined to reflect on failure experience,and more aware of the cause of failure and the positive role of failure;In the passive reflection of guiding students to rationally explain their failure experience,students with high failure mindset were more inclined to recognize their own positive qualities and change their beliefs,which suggested that we should guide students to rationally explain their failure experience so as to improve their failure mindset.3.Students with a low failure mindset are more likely to accumulate experience in failure,which requires us to pay attention to the experience accumulation and behavior change of students with a negative failure mindset in their daily life and play a supervisory role.