A Study On The Development Of Spatial Thinking Ability Based On The Textbook Surface System Of Geography ——Take Xiang Version Of Geography "Compulsory One" As An Example

As a unique way of thinking in geography,teaching spatial thinking in geography at senior secondary level is of great help to students in their geography studies and to teachers in their teaching activities.Teaching materials are an important vehicle for teachers to carry out geography teaching activities and an important tool for developing students' spatial thinking skills.With the publication of the new version of the Geography Curriculum Standards,high school geography textbooks have been completely revised in order to implement the fundamental task of establishing moral education for people.Fewer research results have been carried out to combine the new version of geography textbooks with the development of spatial thinking skills based on the background of the new curriculum reform.Therefore,both the spatial thinking ability and the surface system of the new Xiang version of Geography'Compulsory One' are identified as research objects,and a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods is adopted to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the two,so as to propose specific strategies for cultivating the spatial thinking ability of high school students.Using the literature analysis method,the concept of geospatial thinking ability is defined and refined into five major areas: geographic spatial image thinking,geospatial imaginative thinking,geospatial locative thinking,geospatial comparative thinking and geospatial analytical and integrative thinking.The analysis of the surface system of the teaching materials is carried out from three aspects: the text system,the activity system and the image system.For the analysis of the text system,the content analysis method is used,and the content of the text is studied in depth in conjunction with the geography curriculum standards.In order to facilitate the development of students' spatial thinking skills,teachers need to explain the basic knowledge principles thoroughly,relate them to real-life situations,and use various methods such as comparisons and connections to help students understand the content of the text.After coding and analysing the 192 questions in the activity system of the textbook using statistical analysis,it was found that a total of 98 questions involved the investigation of students' spatial thinking skills and the questions were of low difficulty,which was in line with the cognitive level of students in the upper grades.Teachers should focus on the development of students' ability to read and draw maps,summarise and extract effective information from images,and teach students to use simple geographic information technology software.These are also important tools for students to improve their spatial thinking skills.These are also important tools for improving students' spatial thinking skills.The interlocking and close relationship between the surface systems of the materials is an important tool for developing students' spatial thinking skills.Finally,this section of the Xiang Geography 'Compulsory One','The Earth's Circle Structure',is analysed from the perspective of the surface system,and strategies for developing students' spatial thinking skills are used in the teaching design process.