Research On “Tongbian” Thought Of History And Cultivation Of Middle School Students' Historical Consciousness

"Tongbian" is the traditional thought of Chinese historiography,and its connotation has gradually developed with the process of history management and writing by historians such as Sima Qian,Du You,Sima Guang,Zheng Qiao,Ma Duanlin,and Zhang Xuecheng.It has also been developed in Lu Simian,Bai Shouyi,Wu Huaiqi,The research process of Qu Lindong and other historians has been continuously enriched.It can be summarized as follows: historical research should focus on grasping general laws as a whole,paying attention to the interaction and connection existing in historical events;historical development is a process from change to normal,and change is the premise of change,and change is change.As a result,historical "changes" can provide a basis for real changes,and we must pay attention to the reference significance of history.As an important historical understanding,historical compilation method and historical research method,the "Tongbian" thought has had a profound impact on the compilation of historical works,historical understanding and the development process of Chinese historiography.Human historical consciousness is the product of the awakening of human self-consciousness.As a higher-level historical consciousness,the "Tongbian" thought of history has an important enlightening effect on promoting the development of current middle school students' historical consciousness.Attention should be paid to distinguish the historical consciousness of historians from general historical consciousness,and to clarify the difference and connection between the two.Here,the author distinguishes the historical consciousness of middle school students from the two,and sums it up as follows: It is the sum of spiritual activities that are formed by people in the process of understanding history,observing reality,and looking forward to the future,with both historical and moral attributes.A comprehensive literacy.The application of historical "Tongbian" thinking to cultivate the historical consciousness of middle school students is not only a positive reference to the development of history,but also a practical attempt to apply historical research to middle school history teaching,and jointly promote the development of history education.For this reason,this research is based on the comprehensive utilization of the existing achievements of the historical field,and firstly based on the specific connotation of the historical "transformation" thought,and refer to the classification model of the historical consciousness of middle school students to analyze and analyze the consciousness of time,the whole consciousness,the consciousness of interpretation,and the consciousness of interpretation.Awareness of identification,mutual connection and mutual promotion.Secondly,combined with middle school history teaching cases,summarize the phased characteristics of the cultivation of middle school students' historical awareness,and explore the specific ways and methods of using the "Tongbian" idea to cultivate middle school students' historical awareness from the four dimensions of historical knowledge,historical understanding,historical thinking,and historical awareness.Finally,using theory to guide practice,combining the feedback and teaching suggestions of front-line teachers on the use of "Chinese and Foreign History Outline(Part I)",select three parts of the Han Dynasty,the Tang Dynasty three provinces and six ministries,and the early Song Dynasty to strengthen the centralization of power.The teaching attempt of "Tongbian" ideology to cultivate the historical consciousness of middle school students for reference.Cultivating the historical consciousness of middle school students is one of the important ways to implement the fundamental task of Lide to foster people and promote the all-round development of students.This research is a preliminary attempt to cultivate the historical consciousness of middle school students based on the "transformation" thought of history.It is intended to help students establish a holistic understanding of history,and then gradually form correct values,essential characters and key abilities.