On The Canonization Of The Separatist Regime In The Northwest By The Southern And Northern Dynasties

Tribute-Canonization is one of the most important world order in ancient China.As far as China itself is concerned,it is the central task of foreign exchanges in ancient dynasties to propagandize the four sides by virtue and make all states come.The regime confrontation during the Northern and Southern Dynasties had a great impact on the tribute and seal of this period.The canonized system,but also in this period gradually developed mature.During the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,due to the Huns,Xianbei,Jie,Di,Qiang and other northern nomads marching southward to the Central Plains,the Central Plains dynasty dominated by Han was forced to move south in the same period.Although after the unification of the Northern Wei Dynasty,it and the Southern Song Qi Liang Chen regime are considered to be the orthodox heirs of Chinese culture,and continue to maintain self-regime-centered tributary system.However,due to the traditional Confucian sense of the unified dynasty pattern is no longer,so the surrounding vassal states,whether in the traditional sense of Gaogouli,Xinluo,Baiji or the Northern Wuhu Sixteen Kingdoms era legacy of the Northwest separatist regime,almost at the same time to the Northern and Southern Dynasties regime tribute,and accept the book seal,formed a unique multi-center tributary-book seal relationship in ancient history.The emergence of the confrontation between the North and the South,whether it is the Southern Dynasty or the Northern Dynasty,has three characteristics due to the complex communication between the Central Plains Dynasty and the local separatist regime.The first is the militarization of the title and its strict hierarchical characteristics.Rather,the increase of ceremonial seals and the gradual internalization of the number of seals given to regime leaders;Third,after a long period of complex exchanges and enrolment,the Southern and Northern Dynasties often adopted similar principles and means in foreign exchanges.At the same time,the Northwest separatist regime intervenes in the political situation of the confrontation between the Northern and Southern Dynasties either by reversing to the Southern and Northern Dynasties or by paying tribute to both sides at the same time,offering strategic materials such as horses or sending troops directly to the war.Therefore,the world order in the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties may not be so simple as the traditional tribute-seal system,but a dynamic inter-state relations and exchanges in a multi-center pattern.The tributary-register system is an important international order,which is not simply based on the strong military strength of the Central Plains dynasty.The comprehensive strength of the Central Plains Dynasty is far beyond the surrounding countries,attracting the surrounding countries to learn.While striving for the support of the northwest regimes,the Southern and Northern Dynasties adopted the means of easing the political opposition of the original ethnic groups,which was inherited by the Sui and Tang Empire,and finally formed a unified situation of multi-ethnic integration and exchanges in the Sui and Tang Empire.Although ancient times maintained the ‘To every things under this heaven.Conquered by the king,soon or late.To every men upon this earth.Surrender to the king,dead or alive ’,but the view of international order of “ the unity of the world ” is based on the principle of peaceful communication.This spirit of peaceful coexistence and common development permeates the foreign exchanges of ancient civilization,which still has high reference value for today ’s diplomacy.