A Comparative Study Of "always" And "always" From The Perspective Of Teaching Chinese As A Foreign Language

“Yizhi(一直)”and“Zongshi(总是)”are a group of synonymous adverbs.“Yizhi”and“Zongshi”can directly modify post-constrained structural verbs.infinite structural verbs,double-constrained structural verbs and pre-constrained structural verbs,“Zongshi”but not“Yizhi”can modify the dot structure verb;“Yizhi”and“Zongshi”can co-occur with the aspect marks“zhe(着)、le(了)”,“Yizhi”but not and“Zongshi”can co-occur with“mei(没)V guo(过)”;“Yizhi”and“Zongshi”cannot directly modify character adjectives,but can modify marked character adjectives and descriptive adjectives.Among them,“Yizhi”mainly modifies descriptive adjectives,and“Zongshi”modifies marked character adjectives more.“Yizhi”often co-occurs with the negator“mei(没)/meiyou(没有)”,and“Zongshi”often co-occurs with“bu(不)/bingbu(并不)”.“After the subject and before the predicate”is the regular position of“Yizhi”and“Zongshi”,and“Zongshi”can also appears before the“subject”.In terms of semantics and pragmatics,the basic meanings of“Yizhi”and“Zongshi”are“continued”and“repetition”respectively;“Yizhi”can express subjective meaning of“a large amount of”,and“Zongshi”can express the meaning of regular,subjectively excessive meaning.The article examines the layout of “Yizhi” and “Zongshi” in five sets of comprehensive teaching materials for Chinese as a foreign language-“New Practical Chinese”,“HSK Standard Course”,“Chinese Course”,“Development Chinese” and“Boya Chinese”.In terms of interpretation,the “Chinese Course” does not interpret“Yizhi”.In addition,“New Practical Chinese” did not explain the meaning of “Yizhi”when it first appeared,and the five sets of textbooks all use “always” to translate“Zongshi”;Interpretation of “Yizhi” in “Development Chinese” and “New Practical Chinese” is also “always”;in terms of practice,only “New Practical Chinese” has comprehensively designed comprehension exercises,mechanical exercises and practical exercises for this two words;in terms of synonymous word discrimination,only “Boya Chinese” has the discriminating exercises of “Yizhi” and “Zongshi”.From the perspective of the use of“Yizhi”and“Zongshi”by foreign students,the two words have error types such as wrong addition,wrong substitute,omission,wrong characters and wrong order.Among the wrong substitute errors,“Yizhi”is often mistakenly replaced by“Jixv(继续)”,“Yixiang(一向)”and“Conglai(从来)”.The error of wrong substitute accounted for the highest proportion of“Zongshi”,and it was often biased with“Laoshi(老是)”and“Yizhi”.The misuse between“Yizhi”and“Zongshi”is firstly because students are not clear about the semantics of“Yizhi”and“Zongshi”.When they need to express the meaning of“repeatedly”,they use“Yizhi”.When they need to express the meaning of“continuously”,they use“Zongshi”.the second is that students are not clear about the characteristics of the two words’modified component,and make mistakes in syntax.The complexity of the“Yizhi”and“Zongshi”grammatical points,the inaccurate handling of teaching materials and the inadequate teaching of teachers are all causes of errors.At the end of the article,we made suggestions for the compilation of “Yizhi” and“Zongshi” in the textbook from the perspectives of location,text example sentences and interpretations,exercises,synonymous word discrimination and recurrence.For example,use “continuously;all along” to explain “Yizhi” and use “always;invariably” explains “Zongshi” and so on;and lists the semantic,grammatical and pragmatic characteristics of “Yizhi” and “Zongshi”,designs a number of synonym discriminating exercises about the two words,in order to serve the teaching.