Nussbaum's Feasibility Theory Study

In the field of political philosophy and ethics,Rawls' theory of justice has always occupied a pivotal position,but with the development of the times and society,more and more social problems need to be solved urgently.The theory questioned,and Rawls' s theory of justice showed some weakness in the face of this situation.In order to better respond to and solve many contemporary social problems,the famous American philosopher Martha C.Nussbaum's theory of justice was born.This article starts with first-hand literature and second-hand materials,and discusses them from the following aspects,respectively: the origin of the nuisbaum's viable ability theory,its theoretical connotation,and the solution to current social problems.Finally,its theoretical advantages and advantages Defects are analyzed.Nussbaum is known as one of the 50 greatest philosophers in the contemporary era.Her theory of justice is also known as the viable ability theory.This article aims to explain Nusbaum's viable ability theory,its practical application and critical defense..First,she tried to revive the philosophical concepts of Aristotle and others in the ancient Greek period,and put forward the theory of "poetic justice".She tried to shift the focus of scholars to the life of the public ontology.Encountering various difficulties in practice has also made Nussbaum aware of the fragility of "poetic justice",that is,literary imagination is only part of public reason,and emotional imagination cannot be used to replace moral reasoning.It is the flaws in utilitarianism that lead us to study substantive abilities.Therefore,this article will mainly introduce her continuous improvement of her theory in the process of criticizing Rawls' s theory of justice;it also includes her discussion of the deficiencies of utilitarianism and the current mainstream economic model.She believes that the theory represented by utilitarianism only makes economic development the sole indicator of social development and the happiness of people's lives.Issues such as medical care and education are crucial to improving the quality of human life.So she turned to the analysis of the ability approach.Nussbaum enriched and developed the theory of ability of justice based on the concept of ability of Amartya Sen,and at the same time took a theoretical path different from that of Amartya Sen.After narrating the theoretical background,theoretical connotation,theoretical basis,and theoretical justification of the competence theory,this article begins to elaborate on the issues of the rights of people with disabilities,global justice,and protection of non-human animal rights.Sort out the content of Nussbaum's theory of justice ability.Finally,this article attempts to evaluate its significance and deficiencies.The theoretical significance lies in Nussbaum's returning the object of justice theory to human beings,embodying human abilities and applying them to the fields of world citizenship and non-humanity;It is obvious that this theoretical standard is blurred,which also makes the theory difficult in the implementation process;but on the other hand,it can also be seen that the theory of feasible capabilities has a guiding role in the development of China's current society.The effectiveness of the theory of justice in contemporary society is theoretically and practically effective,which in turn provides new ideas for the construction of a just society.To sum up,Nussbaum's ability approach focuses on what people in society can actually do and can become.Evaluating one's life happiness and social achievements are no longer a single economic element,but more diverse personal differences and multiple abilities.What Nussbaum put forward is not only a new theoretical model,but a new idea for solving the social justice problems existing in the world today.