Research On The Opera Troupe In Harbin (1898-1949)

Chinese opera art is the precious wealth of Chinese traditional culture.The Qing Dynasty was the most prosperous era of Chinese opera.Apart from the prevalence of Yabu Kunqu,local traditional opera were also widely spread throughout the country.Xiban is an important carrier of the existence and development of traditional opera art,but also an important organization of performance,communication,inheritance and creation.The main factors that affect the development of xiban are political and economic situation,the number and scale of xiban are closely related to the living conditions and quality of artists,the compilation and creation of theatrical purposes,and the development and maturity of theatrical genres.From the middle of the 19 th century,Peking Opera,Pingju and Hebei Bangzi were introduced into Heilongjiang,and all of them were introduced into Harbin at the beginning of the 20 th century.Although they were foreign dramas,they had a sustained impact.The Daowai District,which was called "Fu jia dian" at that time,is a commercial center and the most active area for theatrical performances.So far,Peking Opera and Pingju are still loved and concerned by the audience.This paper mainly analyzes and proves the traditional opera banshe and troupes in Harbin from 1898 to 1949 by combing and studying a large number of local documents,and tries to restore the most real picture of the traditional opera banshe and troupes through the writing of five chapters by using the methods of literature research and case analysis.The first chapter is the introduction,which provides the theoretical basis and background information for the subject.From chapter two to chapter four,starting with the development of the local traditional opera class banshe and troupes in Harbin,this paper studies the three main historical stages of the development of the local traditional opera banshe and troupes in Harbin: The first stage is from 1898 to1907,which discusses the conditions for the production of local xiban in Harbin,because of the underdevelopment of traditional opera culture,the performances of xiban are all temporary;The second stage is from 1908 to 1945,which discusses theoperation of xiban in Harbin area,the construction of tea gardens and stages,and the gradual enrichment of opera career,however,because of the turbulence of the current situation,the performance of xiban are intermittent;The third stage is from1946 to 1949,after the liberation,the performance of Harbin traditional opera troupes are summarized,the traditional opera troupes were developing and expanding in the continuous reform and innovation.These three chapters constitute the study of the development history of the traditional opera banshe and troupes in Harbin from 1898 to 1949.The fifth chapter analyzes and summarizes the historical characteristics and contributions of traditional opera banshe and troupes.From the overall point of view,the four major stage banshe in Daowai District: Large stage xiban,New stage xiban,Huayue stage xiban and Central stage xiban are the core banshe for the development of Harbin traditional opera,after the liberation,they were changed into the Northeast Cultural Association(Beijing)opera troupe,Harbin theater and other performance groups.Mobile xiban have promoted the development of local xiban,which have made great contributions to Beijing opera.,at the same time,the xiban have also promoted the development of performance venues and the enrichment of repertoire contents,in Beijing opera,there are new repertoires such as“Nine pieces of clothing”,“En chou ji ”and so on,and in Pingju,there are new repertoires such as “She ju ying”,“White haired girl” and so on.The prosperity of traditional opera art can not be separated from its own accumulation in thousands of years,from the spiritual and cultural needs of audience groups,and also from the continuous efforts and struggles of xiban artists.The history of Harbin xiban is an important part of the history of Harbin traditional opera,so this paper can provide relatively complete and comprehensive information for the follow-up in-depth study of the development history of Heilongjiang xiban,in particular,the organizational structure,basic activities,venue,type of repertoire,inheritance and exchange,performance and dance beauty of traditional opera troupes and troupes can provide reference for future generations,At the same time,it is helpful for the academic circles to pay more attention to the research of traditional opera music.