A Preface And Postscript To The Collection Of Poems Of Northern Women In The Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty is the most prosperous era of ancient Chinese women’s literature creation.Hu Wenkai’s "Women’s Writings of the Ages" is the most comprehensive work collecting female authors now.There is around 4027 female poets in total and 3660 are from the Qing,which shows the number of Qing Dynasty female authors and the prosperity of creation.In recent years,the Qing Dynasty women’s literature has been paid much attention by the academic circles.However,the research on it mainly focuses on the poets and their creation from the south.Poets from the north are less mentioned.And the results of the in-depth study of the creation of women in the North as a whole are even less.On the other hand,the preface and postscript is one of the ancient Chinese traditional styles.It contains a wealth of literature information including the author’s life story,the book’s inscription,the interpretation of related literary theory,criticism of the author’s works,From the perspective of life time and social relations,the prologue is mostly written by the people close to the author of the book.Therefore,it has a high research value.In view of the lack of relevant historical records of women at present,the author studies women’s literature through other sets of preface and postscript,thus having great research significance.This paper takes the poetry’s preface and postscript of northern women in the Qing Dynasty as the research object,and analyzes the creation,engraving and criticism of the women in the north at that time by sorting out the information contained in these preface and postscript.The text is divided into three parts.The first part is the Chapter One,which is the collection of preface and and postscript of the poetry of the northern women in the Qing Dynasty.By analyzing the relevant record of other books such as "women’s works of the past generations","Series of Books Collection of Qing Dynasty Ladies ",consulting the National Library of China’s collection of ancient books,the author collected a total of 155 pieces of preface and postscript can be seen presently in the Qing Dynasty Northern Women’s Poetry Collection,including 119 pieces of foreword,36 pieces of postscript,covering 66 kinds of poems involving the Qing Dynasty Northern Women’s Poetry Collection.These preface and postscript is the basis of this study.The second part is the chapter two,the main content is to analyze and explain the characteristics of the preface and postscript of Qing Dynasty northern women’s poetry.The first section is to discuss the origin and characteristics of preface and postscript,clarify the concept,characteristics and function of preface and postscript,and establish a general idea for the specific research on preface and postscript of female poetry collections in Qing Dynasty.Based on the collected 155 pieces of the preface and postscript,the Chapter 2 make a concrete analysis externally and internally on the the Qing female’s poetry.In terms of external characteristics,the geographical distribution of the preface and postscript is unbalanced,Shandong,Zhili Province are the most,Shaanxi and Gansu Province are the least;The number of preface and postscript gradually increased from the early Qing Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty.The authors of the preface and postscript are mostly male which have high social status and literary accomplishment.The author further discusses the causes of the above characteristics.The text content features and formal features are taken as entry points for internal features.The text content of the northern women’s poetry’s preface and postscript in the Qing Dynasty is mainly sorted into three kinds.The first one is to record the beginning and end of the publication of the collection and the arrangement of the text,the second one is to describe the life of the author of the other collection,or express the feeling of nostalgia,or to praise its virtue,and the third is to carry out literary criticism against other sets.In addition,in the study,it is found that there is a convergence in the content of many preface and postscript of the same collection,the author of analyzed the reason of this convergence The formal characteristics of the female poetry’s preface and postscript in the northern part of Qing Dynasty are characterized by two points:the system features of prose and the style features of argumentation and narration.The third part contains the third,fourth and fifth chapters,which are all multidirectional discussions from the perspective of the role of the preface and postscript.This part focuses on the role of preface and postscript in document retention,that is,from the information contained in the preface and postscript,to explore the creation environment of northern women in Qing Dynasty,the dissemination of their works,and the evaluation of postscript authors on female poets and their works.The third chapter is a study of the creation of women in the northern part of in Qing Dynasty.At that time,there was the voice of "women without talent is virtue",many insightful people refuted this concept,and established the rationality of women’s creation from the perspectives of women’s endowment,Confucian morality,literary creation theory,etc.,and female poets created in this context.The premise of women’s creation is that they can get a good education,and the author analyzes the education of female poets from the aspects of family background,educational path and book selection.The environment of female poet’s creation is closely related to the environment in which she lives,and the theme and state of her creation are influenced by her living space and social function.The fourth chapter is a study on the transmission of northern women in Qing Dynasty.First,it analyzes the female poets’ own attitude towards poetry works published,and the contradiction of this attitude and the change of the attitude of some women poets under this contradiction.Second,from the perspective of the identity of the printer,this paper analyzes the specific situation of the publication of poetess ’works,that is,the family members,especially father,husband,and son,when the family is absent,there will also be by friends or fellow from same town to help.The fifth chapter is a study of the criticism of the northern women’s collection in Qing Dynasty.The author’s criticism of the female poet is carried out from two aspects,the first is the criticism of the female poet’s "talent",that is,the poetry works,from the three aspects of "in line with poetry teaching","the lyrical spirit" and "no fat powder",and the relevance of them is discussed.The second is the criticism of the female poet’s"morality",that is,moral quality,from the two aspects of "woman’s virtue" and "bitter festival",and discusses the reasons why the preface and postscript makes such moral evaluation of the poets.The author’s view that women’s "talent" and "morality" which is more important,whether it is "do well in both morality and talent" or "morality is performed better than talent","morality" is an indispensable factor.