The Survey And Influence Of The British On The Pamirs In The 1870s And 1890s

Since the middle of the 19th century,Britain and Russia have been increasingly competing for the sphere of influence in central Asia,and the pamir region,located in the southwest of xinjiang,north of India and northeast of Afghanistan,has become an important object in their expanding horizons.After the conquest of central Asia,Russia began to expand southward in order to penetrate into British India,xinjiang and Tibet,threatening British interests in British India and central Asia.In order to keep Russia as far away from India as possible,Britain planned to use the pamir region as a barrier to protect India,thereby further expanding its influence in Asia.The 1873 agreement between Britain and Russia on the relative lack of knowledge of the geography of the pamir region complicated the situation of the dispute between Britain and Russia on the pamir region.Because of the need to demarcate and divide the sphere of influence with Russia,British exploration for political needs was performed again and again in the pamir region,and the survey results provided the main basis for Britain to formulate relevant strategic policies.This paper focuses on the British exploration of the pamir region from the 1870s to the 1890s,analyzes the background of the exploration,as well as the process and results of the survey,and then discusses the impact of the survey results on the development of relevant strategic policies in Britain.This paper is divided into three parts:preface,text and conclusion.The foreword mainly discusses the reason of the topic selection and the significance of the research,and sorts out the research situation at home and abroad.The text is divided into three chapters.The first chapter mainly gives an overview of the basic situation of pamir,discusses the ancient and modern name and meaning of the word "pamir",and discusses the jurisdiction of ancient China over pamir region.In the second chapter,the author analyzes why Britain should explore the pamir region,that is,the strategic significance of pamir to Britain.The third chapter is the main content of this paper,the Russian division,in order to compete for interests in central Asia,continuously sent to the pamir area survey,to forsyth corps,ilias,Locke,and Francis younghusband prospecting activities affect the most profound,the results of their survey for the British,formulate the corresponding policy played a reference role.The conclusion summarizes the whole thesis and analyzes and evaluates the activities of the British in pamir from three aspects:the value of survey data,the essence of British survey and the impact of survey.