A Study Of The Jinzhou Deputy Capital In The Qing Dynasty

In the Qing dynasty,Jinzhou was located at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula,facing the Bohai sea in the east(Beijing and Tianjin to the west of the sea),the Yellow Sea in the west(from where the distant Korean Peninsula can be seen),and Shandong Peninsula in the south,Shengjing in the north(which is a very important strategic point,called “Xiongzhen”).After the first Opium War,there were more dangers to every place from south to the north on the sea frontier.In order to prevent western powers from invading its birthplace,the Qing government began to adjust its garrison system.Then in 1843(the 23rd year of Emperor Daoguang),Xiongyue was appointed to be the Deputy Commander-in-chief of Jinzhou,which is a position below Shengjing General.Jinzhou replaced Xiongyue as the political and military center of Liaodong Peninsula in the late Qing dynasty,had jurisdiction in Fuzhou and Gaizhou,including the Military and Political Affairs in the Marine Division Camps of Xiongyue and Jinzhou,this shows that the Qing dynasty in Liaodong Peninsula from the inland to the external sea strategic objectives of the shift.In the seventy years from the beginning to the end of Qing dynasty,the post was abandoned for a time because Japan and Russia seized Jinzhou.However,it played a significant role in protecting the sea frontier and maintaining peace from the invasion of western powers,and in the garrison agency and system of Shengjing and even the total northeastern part of the country.A systematic exposition of the course of change and development,the organization structure,functions,and personnel status of this agency can deepen our understanding of the military,political,and economic conditions of the Jinzhou region in the late Qing dynasty,and also figure out the management and policy of the sea frontier after the increased foreign aggression to give a objective and unbiased evalution.