| Objective:Through the questionnaire survey about the elderly in nursing homes we would like to know the current situations of the elderly on cognitive function,depressive symptoms and social capital,to analyze the factors that influence the cognitive function of the elderly in nursing homes,and to explore the relationship and mechanism of action between cognitive function,depression and social capital of the elderly.Methods:The study is a cross-sectional and descriptive study,a convenient sampling method was used to survey 218 elderly people in nursing homes in Shenyang.A self-developmental Demographic Information Questionnaire,Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(Mo CA),Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS)and Social Capital Scale were applied to measure the demographic data,congnitive status,depression status and social capital status about the elderly in nursing homes.SPSS 25.0 software was uesed to entry and analysis data of demographic data,cognitive function,depression and social capital status of the elderly in nursing homes.Measurement data was represented by (?)±S and the enumeration data was expressed by rate and ratio;the influence factors on the cognitive function of the elderly in nursing homes generally adopts independent sample t-test or multi-factor analysis of variance.Multiple linear regression analysis was used in multi-factor analysis;Pearson correlation analysis was applied to describe the correlation between cognitive function,depression and social capital.Model 4 of SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the mediating effect of depression on social capital and cognitive function.Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect.The number of sampling was 5000.Results:1.The cognitive function scores of the elderly in nursing homes ranged from 8 to 29 with an average score of(23.60±4.25).MOCA score < 26 indicated the existence of cognitive impairment.There were 121 elder people with cognitive impairment,accounting for 59.9%.2.Univariate analysis results of cognitive function of the elderly in nursing homes showed that five factors had significant effects on cognitive function(P < 0.05).There were significant differences in cognitive function scores among ages,education level,nature of nursing home,whether they participated in recreational activities or not,and numbers of types of chronic diseases(P < 0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age(P<0.01),education level(P<0.01),recreational activities(P<0.01)and numbers of types of chronic diseases(P<0.01)were included in the regression equation.3.The depression scores of the elderly in nursing hones ranged from 0 to 22,with an average score of(6.38 ± 4.35),and the incidence of mild depression was 18.3%.Only 1person with moderate/severe depression accounted for 0.5%.4.The social capital scores of the elderly in nursing homes ranged from 52 to 101,and the average score was(75.41±8.61).5.The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative relationship between Mo CA scores and GDS scores(r=-0.481,P=0.000,P < 0.01).Cognitive function score correlated with social capital score positively(r=0.338,P=0.000,P < 0.01).There was a significant negative correlation between GDS score and social capital score(r=-0.401,P=0.000,P < 0.01).6.Taking social capital as the independent variable,depression as the mediator variable,and cognitive function as the depedent variable,and controlling sex,age and so on,using process plug-in to analyze the intermediary effect.The result of the model of depression between social capital and cognitive function showed that the coefficients of social capital to cognitive function,c=0.167(95%CI:0.102,0.232;P<0.001),the coefficients of the indirect path social capital to depression and depression to cognitive function were a=-0.202(95%CI:-0.267,-0.138;P<0.001)and b=-0.402(95%CI:-0.531,0.274;P<0.001),indirect effect(a*b)was 0.081(95%CI:0.041,0.139);excluding zero,which indicated that the mediating effect of depression was established.After adding to depression,the direct efficient was c'=0.085(95%CI:0.021,0.150;P=0.01),which indicated that the mediating effect of depression was significant.Conclusion:1.There was a relative low score of cognitive function on the elderly in nursing homes,and the incidence of cognitive dysfunction was higher among the elderly in nursing homes.2.Demographic factors affected the cognitive function of the elderly in nursing homes include age,education level,whether they engage in recreational activities and number of types of chronic diseases.3.The Mo CA scores had significant negative correlation with the GDS scores of the elderly in nursing homes;the Mo CA scores had significant positive correlation with the social capital scores of the elderly in nursing homes;the GDS scores had significant negative correlation with the social capital scores of the elderly in nursing homes.4.Depression plays an mediating role between social capital and cognitive function among the elderly in the nursing homes. |
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