| Purpose:Aspongopus chinensis Dallas is a medicinal and edible Chinese herbal medicine,which has the effects of regulating qi and relieving pain,warming the middle warmer and helping yang.Because of its special odor,aspongopus usually uses its products(mainly fried products).However,are there any differences in the characteristics,chemical components and pharmacodynamics of aspongopus before and after processing?Has not been reported yet.Therefore,this study intends to make a comparative study on raw and products of aspongopus from the qualitative,quantitative and pharmacodynamic aspects,in order to provide experimental basis for the identification,quality control and pharmacodynamic difference of raw and products of aspongopus.Materials and Methods1 Materials:Twenty-eight batches of raw materials and products of aspongopus are 14 batches each,of which 26 batches are provided by the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee(13 batches of raw materials and products);Two batches were purchased from Anguo medicinal materials market(one batch for raw products and one batch for products).2 Methods2.1 Qualitative comparative study on raw and product medicinal materials of aspongopus:The characteristics(including electronic nose with 10 common sensors),microstructure,thin layer chromatography and polysaccharide components of raw and manufactured products of aspongopus were compared and analyzed.2.2 Quantitative comparative study on raw and product medicinal materials of aspongopus:The moisture content was compared by the drying method in the moisture determination method of the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia;The contents of total phospholipids,total polysaccharides and water-soluble proteins were compared by spectrophotometry.The types and contents of amino acids and nucleosides were compared and analyzed by HPLC.2.3 Comparative study on pharmacodynamics of raw and manufactured aspongopus:In view of the traditional efficacy and administration mode of "regulating qi and relieving pain,warming middle-warmer and helping yang",we adopted the extraction methods of water extract,ethanol extract and water suspension,and administered them by gavage.We carried out the experiment of regulating qi promoted by small intestine of mice,the analgesic experiment of hot plate method and acetic acid writhing method,and the anti-stress experiment of swimming with cold water(10±1?)bearing weight(5%of mouse body weight),and carried out the pharmacodynamics of raw products and products of aspongopus.Results1 Qualitative comparative study on raw and product medicinal materials of aspongopus1.1 Comparative study on traits1.1.1 Appearance comparison:The shape,size and surface characteristics of the raw and manufactured aspongopus are similar.The head,wings and feet of aspongopus products are even more off,and the surface is dark,oily,burnt and crisp.1.1.2 Internal "qi" comparison:By measuring the "gas" of raw products and products of aspongopus,it is found that the sensors sensitive to the "gas" of raw products and products of aspongopus are No.7,No.9,No.2,No.6 and No.8 sensors in turn,that is,organic sulfur,aromatic inorganic sulfide,small molecular nitrogen oxides,methane and other short chain hydrocarbons,alcohol ether aldehydes and ketones;Among them,No.6 sensor(methane and other short-chain hydrocarbon components)is the characteristic sensor of the "gas" of the raw products of aspongopus,and No.9 sensor(aromatic inorganic sulfide components)is the characteristic sensor of the "gas" of aspongopus products.1.2 Comparative study on microscopic cell structure:Both raw products and products of aspongopus have skin fragments,with hair pits,prickly protrusions,surface texture structure,regular hexagon,round or quasi-round compound eyes,and two kinds of bristles.There are more fat oil droplets in the products of aspongopus.1.3 Comparative study on TLC identification of medicinal materials:Under the same conditions,both raw and finished products of aspongopus showed 7 spots of the same color,among which raw products had 2 spots with darker color and products of aspongopus had 1 spot with darker color.And that polarity of the three spots are different.1.4 Comparative study on monosaccharide components:D-Man,D-GH,D-Glu and D-Gal were detected in the raw and processed products of Asparagus.L-Rha was also detected in the raw products of aspongopus.2 Quantitative comparative study on raw and product medicinal materials of aspongopus2.1 Comparison of main chemical components2.1.1 Class components with insignificant difference:There is no significant difference in the content of 50%ethanol hot extract and hydrolyzed amino acids between the raw and the products of aspongopus.2.1.2 Components with significant differences:The contents of crude fat,total phospholipids,total polysaccharides,water-soluble proteins,free amino acids and nucleosides between the raw and the products of aspongopus were significantly different.Among them,the content of total phospholipids,total polysaccharides,water soluble proteins,free amino acids and nucleosides in raw products is higher,while the content of crude fat in products is higher.2.2 Comparative study of moisture and total ash:The water content of raw aspongopus is higher than that of aspongopus,and the difference is significant.3 Comparative study on pharmacodynamics of raw and manufactured aspongopus3.1 Study on small intestine propulsion:The group of aspongopus,ethanol extract of products and water suspension can improve the carbon powder propulsion rate of small intestine of mice,showing obvious small intestine propulsion,and the water suspension group has the best effect.There was no significant difference in the carbon powder propulsion rate between the raw and finished products of the three extraction methods,that is,there was no significant difference.3.2 Study on analgesic effect:The ethanol extract and water suspension group of the raw and processed products of aspongopus can increase the pain threshold of mice and effectively inhibit the times of acetic acid writhing in mice,showing obvious analgesic effect,among which the water suspension group has the best effect.There was no significant difference in the pain threshold and acetic acid writhing times between the raw and the products of the three extraction methods.3.3 Anti-stress effect:The water extract,ethanol extract and water suspension group of aspongopus can prolong the swimming time and improve the exercise ability of mice,showing obvious anti-stress effect,among which the water suspension group and ethanol extract group have better effect.There was no significant difference in swimming time between the raw and the products of the three extraction methods,that is,there was no significant difference.Conclusion1 Qualitative comparison between raw and manufactured aspongopus:Through qualitative analysis and comparison of raw products of aspongopus,it was found that there was no obvious difference in appearance,microstructure and TLC between raw products and products of aspongopus.However,there are obvious differences in "Qi" characteristics and monosaccharide types between raw and manufactured products,among which the symbolic components of "Qi" of raw products are short-chain alkanes such as methane,while the symbolic components of "Qi" of manufactured products are aromatic inorganic sulfides.By analyzing and comparing the polysaccharide components of aspongopus,it was found that the main difference between aspongopus and its products was monosaccharide species,and L-Rha was a sign of the difference between aspongopus and its products.2 Quantitative comparison between raw and manufactured aspongopus2.1 Processing of aspongopus did not significantly change the content of ethanol extract and hydrolyzed amino acids,but the proportion of essential amino acids and pharmacodynamic amino acids increased.Therefore,processing of aspongopus can not only correct qi,but also improve its edible and medicinal value;However,the proportion of essential amino acids and pharmacodynamic amino acids increased.2.2 The water content,crude fat,total phospholipids,total polysaccharides,water-soluble protein,free amino acids and nucleosides between the raw and the products are obviously different.The water content,total phospholipids,total polysaccharides,water-soluble protein,free amino acids and nucleosides decreased,while the crude fat content increased.3 The raw products of aspongopus and their pharmacodynamic activities:Pharmacodynamic study found that the processing of aspongopus did not change its small intestine promoting,analgesic and anti-stress effects significantly,which indicated that the main function of aspongopus processing was to correct its odor.And the traditional way of taking it by grinding powder and soaking wine is better.4 About the way of taking aspongopus,its raw products are slightly different in character and composition,but there is no obvious difference in the efficacy of regulating qi and relieving pain,warming middle-warmer and helping yang,so its processing mainly plays a role in correcting its odor.In clinical application,it is reasonable to use both raw and manufactured aspongopus. |
PDF Full Text Request