| Research purposes:5-2-1-0 mode(5 means that children need to eat 5 servings or more of fruits and vegetables a day,2 means that children cannot watch the screen for more than 2 hours a day,1 means that children must do at least one hour of moderate intensity and above every day Sports,0 means not drinking sugary beverages and drinking water instead)is a health promotion model proposed by the US Child Obesity Expert Group and implemented and promoted in many countries to prevent overweight and obesity in children.This model is highly praised by everyone for its clear goals,comprehensive content,easy operation,and strong feasibility.However,there are differences between China and the United States in food culture,school education mode,and parents' concept of parenting.Whether the 5-2-1-0 model is really suitable for the prevention of childhood obesity in China requires deeper research.Therefore,this study is based on the content of the 5-2-1-0 model,through the investigation of the relevant situation of some school-age children in Xuhui District,Jiading District,and Songjiang District of Shanghai,to understand the overweight and obesity situation of children in Shanghai and find 5-2-1-0 model's influencing factors,thus constructing a structural equation model of 5-2-1-0 model's influencing factors of children's overweight and obesity,and discussing the effects of various factors of 5-2-1-0 model on children's overweight and obesity The path of action provides a basis for Shanghai to further develop measures to intervene overweight and obesity in school-age children.Research method:This study adopted a stratified random cluster sampling method.From October2020 to December 2020,five primary schools in the Xuhui District,Jiading District,and Songjiang District of Shanghai were selected.1,200 students in the fourth and fifth grades carried out a survey combining questionnaire survey and physical measurement.The survey content included basic information about children(gender,age),basic information about parents(education level,occupation,annual family income),4 The intake of the indicators(fruit and vegetable intake,screen time,physical activity time,sugar-sweetened beverage intake),diet,screen use time,physical activity,and sugar-sweetened beverage intake.Use EXCEL to enter the collected data,then use the chi-square test in SPSS25.0 software to test the significance of the difference between general population sociological characteristics and childhood overweight and obesity,and then use one-way analysis of variance and multi-factor logistic analysis to screen out the impact The key influencing factors of the 5-2-1-0 model,and finally using AMOS24.0 software to build a structural equation model of the influencing factors of children's overweight and obesity based on the 5-2-1-0 mature model,and further search for the effects on children ' s overweight and obesity Action path.Main research results:1.The total detection rate of overweight and obesity in children is 32.7%,of which the incidence of overweight is 17.9%,the incidence of obesity is 14.8%,the overweight and obesity rate of boys is 41.9%,and the overweight and obesity rate of girls is 23.2%.2.The survey results of the status of the 5-2-1-0 mode of children show that children who eat five or more servings of fruits and vegetables a day account for65.4% of the total number of children,and those who watch for less than 2 hours a day account for the total number of children Children who engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for 1 hour or more a day accounted for 63.7% of the total number of children,and children who did not drink sugar-sweetened beverages accounted for 59.5% of the total number.The survey results of the 5-2-1-0model showed that the number of children who did not meet the standards,1 met the standards,2 met the standards,3 met the standards,and 4 met the standards were 57(4.7%),208(17.3%),and 206,respectively.(17.2%),331(27.6%),398(33.2%).3.The results of single-factor analysis of variance and multi-factor logistic analysis show that:(1)The main factors affecting fruit and vegetable compliance are the frequency of fruit and vegetable intake by mothers and fruit and vegetable intake habits of children.(2)The main factors that affect the screen time to reach the standard are the degree of screen preference,computer study time at school,and mobile phone surfing time on weekends.(3)The main factors influencing physical activity to reach the standard are the free time exercise situation and Friday exercise situation.(4)The main factors affecting the intake of sugary beverages are the number of friends who drink sugary beverages,the frequency of sugary beverage dinners,the availability of sugary beverages at home,and the preference for sugary beverages.4.The path analysis results of the structural equation model show:(1)The direct effects of fruit and vegetable compliance,screen time compliance,physical activity compliance,and sugary beverage intake compliance on children's overweight and obesity are-0.355,-0.081,-0.182,and-0.323,and Both are protective factors to prevent overweight and obesity in children.(2)The frequency of mother's intake of fruits and vegetables and children's intake of fruits and vegetables are protective factors to prevent children's overweight and obesity.Among them,the indirect effects of mother's fruit and vegetable intake frequency and children's fruit and vegetable intake habits on children's overweight and obesity through fruit and vegetable compliance are-0.027 and-0.023,respectively.(3)Screen preference,computer study time at school and weekend mobile Internet time are risk factors for the prevention of children's overweight and obesity.Among them,the preference of video screen,computer study time at school and weekend mobile phone surfing time are important to children through video screens.The indirect effects of overweight and obesity were 0.008,0.006 and 0.007,respectively.(4)Free time exercise status and Friday exercise status are protective factors to prevent overweight and obesity in children.Among them,the indirect effects of free time exercise and Friday exercise on children's overweight and obesity through physical activity are-0.034 and-0.024,respectively.(5)The number of friends who drink sugar-sweetened beverages,the frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage dinners,the availability of sugar-sweetened beverages at home,and the preference for sugar-sweetened beverages are all risk factors for preventing overweight and obesity in children.Among them,the number of friends who drank sugary drinks,the frequency of sugary drinks dinners,the availability of sugary drinks at home,and the preference for sugary drinks,the indirect effects on children's overweight and obesity through the intake of sugary drinks were 0.024 and0.024,respectively.0.053,0.032,0.028.Analysis conclusion:1.The overweight and obesity of children in Shanghai is close to the level of developed countries.At the same time,the overweight and obesity rate of children is different between the sexes,showing a trend that the overweight and obesity rate of boys is significantly higher than that of girls.2.The overall compliance rate of fruit and vegetable intake,screen time,physical activity time,and sugar-sweetened beverage intake is low,and the overall compliance rate is not very satisfactory.3.The frequency of mother's fruit and vegetable intake and children's fruit and vegetable intake habits are factors that affect children's fruit and vegetable intake standards;video preference,computer study time on school days,and mobile phone surfing time on weekends are factors that affect children's video time compliance;Free time exercise and Friday exercise are factors that affect children's physical activity time standards;the number of friends who drink sugary drinks,the frequency of sugary drinks at dinner,the availability of sugary drinks at home,and the preference for sugary drinks Degree is a factor that affects children's sugary drinks4.(1)Fruit and vegetable compliance,sugary beverage compliance,physical activity compliance,screen time compliance,free time exercise,mother's fruit and vegetable intake frequency,Friday exercise,and fruit and vegetable intake habits are protective factors to prevent children from overweight and obesity.Fruit and vegetable compliance,sugary beverage compliance,physical activity compliance,and screen time compliance are direct effects,and the others are indirect effects.(2)The supply frequency of sugary drinks for dinner,the availability of sugary drinks at home,the preference for sugary drinks,the number of friends who drink sugary drinks,the degree of preference for video screens,the time spent on the Internet on weekends,and the computer study time at school and day are The risk factors for preventing overweight and obesity in children are all indirect effects.5.The four indicators of 5-2-1-0 are important factors affecting overweight and obesity in Shanghai children.Appropriate implementation and promotion of this model play an important role in preventing the occurrence of overweight and obesity in children. |
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