Study On HPV Vaccine Hesitancy And Its Influencing Factors Among Female College Students In Beijing

Background:Human papillomavirus(HPV)has more than 200 types,and the infection rate in Chinese women is about 20%.There is overwhelming epidemiological evidence that persistent high-risk HPV infection is a necessary cause of cervical cancer.The prevalence of cervical cancer in China accounts for 18%of the global population.About 98900 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer every year,and about 30000 women die of cervical cancer.In recent years,the incidence of cervical cancer in China has shown a trend of youth.Cervical cancer has become a serious disease threatening women’s health.Since July 2017,three types of HPV vaccines have been approved for listing in mainland China.For the three kinds of vaccines,female college students belong to the appropriate population.Vaccine hesitation is a widespread phenomenon among vaccinators.It refers to that although vaccination service is available,vaccination is still delayed or rejected.Vaccine hesitation is the attitude interval between completely accepting vaccine and completely rejecting vaccine.This phenomenon may lead to the decrease of vaccination rate.Understanding the current situation and influencing factors of HPV vaccine hesitation among female college students,it can provide data support for the promotion of HPV vaccination in China,which is of great significance to further reduce the incidence of cervical cancer in China.In addition,the research on public HPV vaccination mainly focuses on the cognition and attitude to the vaccine.At present,there is no quantitative research on the degree of hesitation of HPV vaccination of female college students in China.This research can fill the gap in this area.3C model is a conceptual model proposed by the World Health Organization,which generalizes the influencing factors of vaccine hesitation from three dimensions of complacency,convenience and confidence.This study will also verify the ability of 3C model to explain HPV vaccine hesitation in Chinese female college students,and explore the application of 3C model in vaccine hesitation research in China.Objective:The purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of HPV vaccine hesitancy and to analyze the influence factors of HPV vaccine hesitancy in female college students,and to provide policy recommendations to promote HPV vaccine vaccination for female college students.Method:This study used questionnaire method,designed questionnaire situated in the framework of vaccine hesitancy 3C theory,and carried out self-filling electronic questionnaire among female college students in four universities in Beijing.Result:The study included 362 questionnaires,and the main findings were as follows:(1)The awareness rate of HPV vaccine among female college students in Beijing is 90.33%,which is at a high level.The vaccination rate was 14.09%and the appointment rate was 10.50%,which was lower than that of developed countries.(2)The majority(64.83%)of female college students in Beijing are willing to be vaccinated against HPV,and the willingness to be vaccinated needs to be further improved.The main reason for not willing to be vaccinated was that they did not know about HPV vaccine(56%),followed by fear of side effects of HPV vaccine(51%),and the third reason was that the price of vaccine was too high(46%).(3)The willingness,uncertainty and unwillingness of HPV vaccination were 3.69 ± 2.93,5.60 ± 2.63 and 6.93 ± 3.20 respectively.The overall trend is that the higher the willingness of vaccination,the lower the hesitation score of HPV vaccine,the higher the hesitation score of HPV vaccine.(4)Among the female college students in Beijing,the number of HPV vaccine recipients reached 60.77%.There are still 37.57%of female college students who are hesitant about HPV vaccine.However,only a few(1.66%)female college students refused the HPV vaccine completely.(5)Female college students with sexual behavior are less likely to have HPV vaccine hesitation(OR=0.582,95%CI:0.366～0.927).(6)The higher the family income,the less likely they are to have HPV vaccine hesitation(OR=0.706,95%CI:0.560～0.890).Female college students who pay more attention to HPV vaccine are less likely to have vaccine hesitation(OR=0.416,95%CI:0.332～0.521).There was a negative correlation with HPV vaccine hesitation,that is,the higher the family income,the higher the degree of concern about HPV vaccine,the lower the probability of vaccine hesitation among female college students.(7)The degree of trust in foreign vaccine manufacturers(OR=0.380,95%CI:0.261-0.552),the degree of trust in medical staff to recommend vaccination(OR=0.638,95%CI:0.456-0.891),the degree of trust in the effectiveness of HPV vaccine(OR=0.201,95%CI:0.133-0.303),and the degree of trust in safety(OR=0.230,95%CI:0.155-0.340)were negatively correlated with HPV vaccine hesitation,(8)Among the female college students who think the price of HPV vaccine is too high was higher(OR=2.368,95%CI:1.383-4.055).The proportion of vaccine hesitation among female college students who considered it necessary to vaccinate against HPV was lower(OR=0.082,95%CI:0.035-0.189).(9)Female college students who were recommended by doctors(OR=0.435,95%CI:0.220-0.863)and friends(OR=0.314,95%CI:0.201-0.491)were less likely to have vaccine hesitation.(10)According to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis(standardized regression coefficient),the influencing factors of female college students’ HPV vaccine hesitation are:perceived necessity(0.481),no one around(0.424),opinion on vaccine price(0.355),trust in vaccine safety(0.225),attention to HPV vaccine Degree(0.152).Conclusion:Health education for the HPV vaccine is carried out among female college students in a variety of and effective ways,such as regular lectures by medical experts,the distribution of HPV vaccine brochures to female university students,the use of new media for health education or peer education.By promoting the popularization of the safety of HPV vaccine and improving the whole supervision system of HPV vaccine can further increase the trust of female college students in the safety of HPV vaccine.Implementation of vaccine price preference schemes,such as the development of reasonable compensation mechanisms and the implementation of vaccination programs for key populationgroups.