Transcriptome Sequencing Of Four Species Of Borer Moths And Analysis Of Differential Gene Expression Between Male And Female Individuals And Species

As a species-rich superfamily in the Lepidotera,the Pyraloidea is widely distributed around the world.A large number of this superfamily are agricultural pest which can cause serious loss to crops,forests,vegetation,and wood.Therefore,it is importante for agriculture to avoid the loss from the pests.And efficient control strategies of species population can reduce the loss from pests significantly.In this study,four species of Pyraloidea were used as materials to explore the function of female-bias genes and malebias genes and provide genetic information to control pests population by the transcriptome of intraspecific and interspecific different genes.The main results are as follows:(1)Based on BGISEQ-500 platform,the study has sequenced four species in Pyraloidea,Paracymoriza distinctalis,Maruca testulalis,Spoladea recurvalis and Palpita nigropunctalis.The gender was also separated into different group in M.testulalis and S.recurvalis.The total of five groups generated 111.53Gb of raw data.The total of 193,266 Unigenes were obtained by removing redundant data from the assembly of the original data.By comparing to the BUSCO database,91%of the Unigenes completely matched.The data showed that the assembly of the transcriptome was better and could be used for downstream gene annotation analysis.The obtained unigene was compared to seven major databases to figure out the functional annotations of all unigenes.The results showed that 78,342(40.54%)unigene matches the Pfam database,54,066(27.97%)unigene matches the GO database,87,888(45.48%)unigene matches to KEGG database,76,175(39.41%)unigene matches to KOG database,78,502(40.62%)unigene matches to SwissProt database,61,826(31.99%)unigene matches to NT database,111,629(57.76%)unigene matches NR database.(2)In this study,all 193,266 unigenes from transcriptomes of 17 samples were compared to the AnimalTFDB(v3.0)database.A total of 13,865 unigenes can encode transcription factors,which were divided into 63 transcription factors families in the AnimalTFDB database.The accuracy of results depends on several indexes,such as the similarity percentage of alignment,the length of the alignment,the number of mismatches,the number of gaps,the start and end positions of the alignment region on the gene,the expected value of the alignment,the comparison score,and the results of the comparison evaluation.By analyzing the structure and function of the transcription factor family which include the total unigenes,it can provides molecular data for the biological control of pests in Pyraloidea.(3)The transcriptome data of five groups including differentially expressed genes(DEGs),female biased genes(differentially expressed up-regulated genes),and male biased genes(differentially expressed down-regulated genes)were compared to GO and KEGG database to analyse the significant enrichment of GO-term and KEGG-pathway.The results from gender comparison showed that the majority of unigenes were femalebias genes.The female-bias genes took 79.22 percent of DEGs in M.testulalis and it was 74.51 percent in S.recurvalis.The percentage agreed with research in Tribolium castaneum and Anopheles gambiae,but was polar in Daphnia pulex.The discrepancy indicated female-bias and male-bias genes were associated with specific species.In M.testulalis and S.recurvalis,the female-bias genes were up-regulated in Protein digestion and absorption、Thermogenesis、Oxidative phosphorylation、Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction、Pancreatic secretion、Tight junction、Phagosome、Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling、Apoptosis and GABAergic synapse,the male-bias genes were up-regulated in Signal transduction、Carbohydrate metabolism and Amino acid metabolism.The stactistics showed differences between different gender,the female species possessed high level of immune、metabolism and learning andthe male species had an advantage over nutrition and response to outside stimulus.The ③④⑤ groups were comparison between different female species,the result of ③ showed that DEGs in M.testulalis were up-regulated in genetic information processing,such as translation and transcription and possessed higher ability in protein digestion and absorption,and oxidative phosphorylation than P.nigropunctalis.The result of④showed that M.testulalis had stronger heat production ability,stronger signal transduction ability and digestive ability than P.distinctalis.The result of ⑤ showed that S.recurvalis took advantage in immune system due to the up-regulated genes in Lysosome and Phagosome.It also indicated faster nerve conduction by the up-regulated genes in IL-17 signaling pathway、Hippo signaling pathwayand adipocytokine signaling pathway.