| The PPP(Public-Private Partnership)model,that is,the cooperation between the government and the private sector and social capital,is a mature model for the construction and operation of public infrastructure in modern social countries and originated in Britain.As early as 2013,China launched relevant policies to support PPP development.In November 2014,the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Innovating Investment and Financing Mechanisms in Key Areas to Encourage Social Investment(Guo Fa[2014]No.60),marking the official start of the standardized development of PPP.On March 5,2015,Premier Li Keqiang formally proposed to actively promote PPP model in infrastructure and other fields in the "Government Work Report" of the NPC and CPPCC,formally setting the policy tone for its large-scale application.The 2017 government work report requires that the relevant policies and operating mechanisms of PPP continue to be deepened,with particular emphasis on the government taking the lead in honesty and not changing the agreement at will.However,with the deepening of PPP,the problems and risks faced by private capital participating in PPP such as unbalanced reform and development,inadequate policy convergence,nonstandard project implementation,and unclear price adjustment mechanism have been revealed one by one.Only in terms of total investment,the amount of projects contracted by state-owned enterprises is nearly three times that of private enterprises,and the gap is very obvious.The participation of private capital in PPP projects shows "more contacts and fewer contracts".Will be strong,difficult to fall to the ground "chicken ribs.At the same time,however,PPP projects dominated by government and state-owned funds have exposed many drawbacks in the promotion,such as cost overruns,construction delays,frequent quality and safety problems,and poor environmental benefits.In China,since the first PPP project fell to the ground,it has been just over 20 years,with both successful experience and failed lessons.As long as it is an engineering construction project,there will inevitably be risks,and PPP projects are no exception.On the whole,however,risks can be dealt with through measures such as control,reduction,isolation and transfer.In recent years,how to effectively evaluate,control and manage the risks of PPP projects has become a very important focus in the field of PPP model research.In other words,if risk control can be achieved,a PPP project will be 80%successful.Due to the long life cycle of PPP projects,involving a wide range of specialties and scopes,combined with China's current national conditions,the key and difficult point of successful implementation and large-scale promotion of PPP projects lies in how to reasonably evaluate,control and manage risks,especially from the perspective of private capital,and comprehensively analyze the various risks faced by private enterprises participating in PPP projects,which constitutes the subject and research direction of this paper.The author hopes to identify and sort out various possible risk points and try to put forward risk sharing and resolving strategies for different stages of PPP promotion and application and PPP project life cycle through the whole process of real PPP projects involving private enterprises and combining the main dimensions of VFM and PSC analysis.And focus on selecting several representative risk points from these numerous risk issues to describe them in detail.This article will use qualitative analysis of value for money and PSC quantitative analysis model to evaluate and calculate the key remediation risks and alienation,financing risks and operational risks in the whole PPP project cycle.In the process of selecting social capital,some suggestions are given to resolve the hidden threshold risk setting of private enterprises and the transfer and retention of financing operational risks. |
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