Research On The Distribution And Route Of Mines In Central And Northeastern Yunnan In Ming And Qing Dynasties

Scholars have studied the mining industry in Yunnan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties in terms of personnel organization,transportation route,mining policy and scale.However,there is a lack of detailed and intuitive discussion on the distribution and transportation route of mines.Therefore,this study has a certain significance to fill the part of mine distribution and transportation route in central and Northeast Yunnan.On the basis of previous studies,combined with the methods of field investigation and literature,this paper draws the mine distribution map and route restoration map with the help of GIS,and studies from the perspective of mining and metallurgy history and traffic history.Taking Lunan,Yimen and Dongchuan as examples,this paper discusses the mine distribution,mining age and transportation route in central and Northeast Yunnan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The results show that the distribution of the mines in Lunan is roughly divided into four parts: the southern area mined in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,the northern area mined in the middle and early Qing Dynasty,the eastern area mined in the middle and late Qing Dynasty and the southwest area mined in the late Qing Dynasty;the distribution of the mines in Yimen is divided into two parts: the northern area in the middle Ming Dynasty and the central and southern area mined in the middle and early Qing Dynasty;and the mines in Dongchuan.It is distributed in the east of the middle Ming Dynasty and the northwest of the early Qing Dynasty.Lunan is rich in karst landform,with13 ore spots distributed from north to south along azilong mountain range,Bajiang River and Nanpanjiang River;three large mining areas in Yimen area are located in the hinterland of central Yunnan,along the big and small lvzhi River,and the mountain range extends from north to south to Eshan County;the ore spots in Dongchuan area are distributed along Jinshajiang River system,Wumeng Mountain and hongwang mountain range,which is the main ore transportation area.It provides more convenient water transportation conditions.According to the literature records and field investigation,the author restored the mining transportation route and Yunnan copper transportation route in three regions.In Lunan Prefecture,part of the transportation of the mines will be sent to fenghuangpo dachang,part to hongpo dachang and part to lailongshao,all of which will be transported to Xundian;In Yimen County,the transportation routes of the three large factories will start from the factories,pass through the sentinel points,and then transfer to the provincial capital,meet at shuangbaixin street,Chuxiong,and then be transported to Xundian;In Dongchuan,all the mines will start from the factories,pass through Huangcaoping,xiaotianba and Jianshan Tang,Dashuigou and other stations converged in Fucheng,Dongchuan,and were transferred out of the province in Tangdan,then Beijing copper transportation began.Starting from Dongchuan,there are three transportation routes for Wanli copper in Beijing,namely,the Northeast route from Tangdan to Huize,the south route from Tangdan to Xundian,and the north route from Tangdan to Gele,which is transported by Jinsha River.After leaving Yunnan,the three routes all converge in Luzhou,Sichuan,and go north to Beijing by land,Yangtze River and Grand Canal.