Research On Quantum Identity Authentication Protocol Based On Entangled State

With the rapid development of quantum information and quantum communication technology,quantum authentication plays a vital role in people’s lives as an important research field in quantum cryptography,then it is also one of the research hotspots of many scholars.The research of quantum authentication mainly includes quantum identity authentication,quantum message authentication,quantum entity authentication,etc.Among them,quantum identity authentication,as an important research direction in quantum authentication,has important theoretical value and a wide range of application scenarios in protecting the security of quantum communication.However,quantum authentication requires that all participants be able to operate qubits in a certain way during the communication process,that is,all participants are quantum capable,but this requirement is too harsh in real life.Existing quantum devices are not only inconvenient to carry,but also too expensive,resulting in the fact that most participants do not have the full ability to manipulate qubits.Therefore,how to design a secure and effective authentication protocol that can reduce the quantum burden of participants has become one of the more popular research issues.The main research results and contributions of this paper are as follows:Firstly,a semi-quantum two-party identity authentication protocol based on the Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger（GHZ）state is proposed,which can effectively prevent illegal and dishonest participants from obtaining legal identities.The protocol introduces a quantum third party to centrally manage the participants’ keys,so that two half-quantum participants can simultaneously achieve mutual identity authentication with his help.Security analysis shows that,the protocol is resistant to impersonation attack,intercept-measure-resend attack,entangle-measure attack and trojan horse attacks.In addition,the identity authentication protocol occupies less quantum resources and is more efficient,and has better practical application in quantum communication.Next,this paper proposes a quantum multi-party simultaneous identity authentication protocol based on a classical trusted third party.In this protocol,authenticators and authenticated parties are quantum-capable semi-honest participants,while third parties are classical semi-honest participants.With the help of a classical third party,a quantum authenticator and multiple authenticated parties can simultaneously achieve two-way identity authentication.This protocol reduces the quantum burden on participants and is more in line with identity authentication in practical situations.Through further security analysis,it is found that the quantum identity authentication protocol has unconditional security under ideal conditions.