Research On Quantum Identity Authentication Protocol

With the development of informatization,information security has become one of the hottest topics in the whole society,and how to ensure information security has become one of the main points of concern in society.Identity authentication is a technique for authenticating the identity of both parties in communication,and is particularly important in information security.Currently widely used classic authentication schemes are usually designed based on mathematical problems;with the improvement of people’s computing power,especially the development of quantum computing theory and experiments,classic authentication schemes are greatly threatened.In view of the fact that the quantum cryptographic protocol can achieve information theory security and this security is not limited by the attacker’s computing power,people began to use quantum technology to achieve identity authentication,that is,quantum identity authentication(QIA)protocol.There are many ways to encode quantum communication.This thesis focuses on orthogonal state-encoding quantum communication lines and counterfactual quantum communication lines;studying how to implement QIA in the above two communication lines.Design the new QIA protocol by analyzing the coding characteristics of the quantum communication line;and try to merge the QIA protocol with the Quantum key distribution(QKD)protocol to achieve the QKD identity authentication process and QIA key update at the same time With extensions.The details are as follows:The QIA protocol is implemented in the quantum communication line coded in the orthogonal state.Quantum communication networks usually use non-orthogonal quantum states to encode the transmitted information;and L.Goldenberg and L.Vaidman proposed a quantum communication mode using orthogonal state coding in 1995.In this thesis,by introducing a suitable conjugate base into the original quantum communication line and using the authentication key to encrypt the coding base,an identity authentication scheme for orthogonal state coded quantum communication line is designed.We not only proved the security of the proposed protocol against imitation and replay attacks,but also analyzed the impact of dark count and channel loss on the actual security of the protocol;in the presence of the above two types of noise,give The credibility formula of the identity authenticated by the agreement is given.Design QIA protocol in counterfactual quantum communication circuit.Generally speaking,the transmission of information needs to pass through a physical carrier;and Noh proposed a quantum communication scheme in 2009,in which the two communication parties generate keys without the exchange of physical particles,that is,counterfactual quantum communication.This thesis proposes a QIA protocol based on counterfactual quantum communication,that is,using the original communication circuit of counterfactual quantum communication,and designed a protocol that can verify the identity of both parties in communication.In addition,this thesis uses the random data generated by the counterfactual QKD protocol process to randomly integrate the designed QIA protocol with the counterfactual QKD protocol,and at the same time implements the identity authentication function of the counterfactual QKD protocol and the authentication key expansion function of the counterfactual QIA protocol.