Research On The Characteristics Of Ecosystem Services In The Context Of Climate Change

Qilian Mountain National Park is an important ecological barrier in my country,and its environmental protection is of great importance.Previously,the ecological environment of the Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve was prominent,and its ecological environment was restored to some extent after it received national attention in 2015 and began to rectify it.Based on the InVEST model,the study analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution and changes of the service functions of the Qilian Mountain National Park's carbon storage,water conservation and soil conservation.At the same time,the coupled Geo SOS-FLUS model predicted the changes in ecosystem service functions in the future.It is of great significance to promote the construction of the ecological environment of the national nature reserve.The research results show that:(1)The climate change in Qilian Mountain National Park from 1960 to 2018 showed a warm and humid trend.Specifically,the temperature has risen significantly,especially in winter and autumn.Precipitation is also showing an upward trend,mainly reflected in the increase in summer precipitation.From 1970 to 2018,the potential evapotranspiration showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,with the potential evapotranspiration increasing the most in summer.(2)From 1985 to 2018,the service functions of carbon storage,water conservation,and soil conservation in the study area showed an overall upward trend,while spatially heterogeneous.The water conservation in the study area first decreases and then fluctuates to increase.The spatial distribution is low in the northwest and high in the southeast.The spatial distribution pattern of soil conservation service functions is high in the eastern and central regions and low in the western region.The overall trend is upward in time.However,due to illegal exploitation of mineral resources and construction,the amount of soil conservation decreased sharply during the period 2010-2015.(3)The various ecosystem service functions of the study area have certain vertical zonal differentiation rules in topography and geomorphology,and there are differences in different land types.In terms of geomorphic factors,the average carbon storage increases first and then decreases with the increase in altitude and slope,and is the largest in the gentle slope area of2700-3700 m above sea level,respectively.The slope upward is expressed as: sunny slope>shady slope.The average water conservation is the largest in the regions of 2700-3700 m and4700-5604 m above sea level.It first increases and then decreases with the increase of the slope,while the upward slope is slightly larger than the shady slope.The soil retention strength is the highest at an altitude of 2700-3700 m,and increases with the increase of the slope,and its slope direction change law is as follows: sunny slope> semi-sun slope>semi-shady slope> shady slope.From the perspective of different land uses/covers,the carbon storage in descending order is grassland,forest,bare land,wetland and other land types.The order of water conservation is grassland> glacier snow> forest> bare land> wetland,cropland and construction land.However,the water conservation capacity is expressed as glacier snow cover> grassland> forest> wetland> cropland.The land category with the highest soil retention strength is forest land,followed by grassland,and then arable land and ice.Bare land has the weakest soil retention capacity.(4)In the future scenario where precipitation and potential evapotranspiration in the study area are both increasing,and the forest area will increase significantly,the carbon storage,water conservation and soil conservation functions of the study area will increase to varying degrees in 2050.Carbon storage in 2050 will show an increasing trend.Although water conservation has increased compared with 2018,its average water conservation has decreased.The water conservation in the RCP4.5 scenario is higher than that in the RCP8.5scenario.A higher emission scenario will cause water sources.Conservation service function declines,while the soil conservation function has a greater growth rate of soil conservation under the RCP8.5 scenario.