A Study On Gender Differences In Employment And Wage Income Of Rural Labor Force

It has been more than 20 years since the basic national policy of gender equality was put forward in 1995.With the help of the government and the change of social consciousness,the status of women has been greatly improved.Although the concept of equality between men and women has been recognized by the government and all sectors of society,serious gender differences still exist in the labor market.Women are more difficult to get employment than men,and the wages of women labor force are lower than men.The gender difference in rural labor market is more serious than that in urban labor market,which forces us to try our best to solve the problem of gender difference in rural labor market.Therefore,it has important theoretical and practical significance to study and analyze the gender differences in rural labor employment and wage income,find out the causes of gender differences,and put forward countermeasures and suggestions to narrow the gender differences in rural labor market.Based on the analysis framework of rural labor market from the beginning of employment to the end of income,this paper focuses on the differences between men and women in terms of employment opportunities and wages.This paper first combs the existing literature,and then uses the data of China General Social Survey(CGSS)in 2013,2015 and 2017 to analyze the current situation of rural labor market with statistical analysis and kernel density estimation.On this basis,it uses logit regression analysis to analyze the gender differences of rural labor employment opportunities,then Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition was performed.This paper uses the ordinary least squares regression analysis and quantile regression analysis to build a model to study the gender difference of rural labor wage income.Then,it uses the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method in the mean decomposition method and the MM decomposition method in the distribution decomposition method to further analyze the proportion of the difference caused by discrimination in the gender difference of wage income.The empirical results show that there are serious gender differences in the rural labor market.On the one hand,gender has a significant impact on the employment opportunities of rural labor force from 2013 to 2017,and the employment probability of rural men is more than 20% higher than that of women.On the other hand,from2013 to 2017,gender factors have a significant positive impact on the income level of rural labor force,indicating that there is a significant wage difference between rural men and women,and men’s wages are higher than women’s in all income groups.The results of Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition show that gender discrimination is the main reason for the gender differences in employment opportunities and wages of rural labor force.Further detailed decomposition shows that gender discrimination is mainly manifested in the non recognition of women’s educational background and occupational gender discrimination.MM decomposition results show that: there is no obvious "floor effect" and "ceiling effect" from 2013 to 2017,gender discrimination is the most important factor causing the gender income difference among all income groups,and gender discrimination is the most serious in the low-income and high-income groups.Finally,on the basis of the conclusion of the analysis,this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to narrow the gender differences of rural labor force.