The Difference Analysis Of The Influence Of Childbearing On The Employment Of Floating Population In China

As the backbone of urban economic development,the migrant population has attracted much attention from researchers and policy makers.Current studies on differences in the employment market mostly focus on unobservable factors such as gender discrimination and personal work abilities.In 2013,my country began to implement the "two-child alone" differential reproductive policy,and the impact of childbirth on employment has become increasingly prominent.With the opening of the "comprehensive two-child" childbirth policy,childbirth has become an important factor affecting female employment.This article uses the national migrant population dynamic monitoring data in 2014,2015,and 2016 to observe its impact on labor participation and wage levels of the migrant population from the perspective of fertility.On this basis,the increase in the number of children discusses the impact of the increase in the number of children on agricultural and nonagricultural household registration The difference in the employment impact of the migrant population with household registration.The empirical part conducts Wald test on whether the number of children is exogenous to the labor participation of both sexes.The Probit model and the IV-Probit model are selected to prove that the increase in the number of children has a positive incentive effect on male labor participation,and a negative effect on women,and reproductive behavior It will indeed widen the labor participation gap in the labor market for both sexes;having children under the age of 6 will have a negative impact on labor participation of both genders,indicating that preschool children are different from children of other ages and lack intergenerational support.Both men and women need to spend more time playing the social role of "parents" and bear the burden of parenting.The analysis of household registration shows that childbearing has an insignificant positive impact on the labor participation of migrant men with non-agricultural household registration,but has a significant negative impact on both agricultural and non-agricultural migrant women,and non-agricultural household registration women are more affected..In the case of the same sex,non-agricultural migrant men have more gender advantages in the job market,while non-agricultural women are more likely to withdraw from the labor market.In order to investigate the impact of childbirth on labor wage levels of both sexes,the Heckman two-step method is used to solve the sample selection bias caused by unobservable factors,and Heckit and IV-Heckit models are used to prove that the increase in the number of children has a negative effect on the labor wage level of the floating population of both sexes It has a substitution effect,and the negative impact on the female migrant population is greater than that of men.The study of household registration shows that,regardless of men and women,childbearing places a greater burden on agricultural household registration among the floating population.Compared with non-agricultural household registration,agricultural household registration has insufficient human capital and social capital accumulation,which will be forced to choose low salary and flexible time.jobs.Based on the above research conclusions,this article proposes policy recommendations from the four perspectives of the government,enterprises,individuals and families:(1)The government should establish and improve laws and regulations to protect women’s rights,reduce the cost of social childcare,and improve the safety and quality of childcare institutions;(2)Enterprises need to formulate flexible systems,strengthen self-discipline internally,and increase corresponding external penalties;(3)Encourage women to improve their own educational and cultural level from the perspective of personal development,strive for re-education opportunities,and actively strive for the right to speak;(4)In the family Both men and women should share the pressure with each other,advocate the implementation of male parental leave,and encourage men to participate in household chores and child care responsibilities.