Study On Gait Characteristics Of Elderly Crossing Obstacles With Different Fall Risk

Gait is the outward manifestation of human body structure and function,movement regulation system and so on.The limbs,trunk,nervous system,and motor balance will affect a person's gait.Gait analysis is based on the theory and method of biomechanics,combined with human anatomy,physiology and other knowledge,the kinematics and dynamics of human walking are comprehensively studied.The fall of the elderly is directly related to the gait abnormalities in the elderly when crossing obstacles.The purpose of this study is based on different risk of falls old people across the barrier when plantar pressure and gait kinematics analysis,explore the different risk of falls in elderly people in disorder before and after crossing over the obstacle supporting foot plantar pressure characteristics and characteristics of kinematic parameters across obstacles each link in the process of human body.To provide theoretical and technical guidance for the prevention and control of falls in elderly groups and to reduce the risk of sports.The research methods used in this study is through the literature law research and experimental design,by the FootscanUsb2 plantar pressure test system and the APAS video analysis system on 27 different fall risk in the elderly across obstacles before and after supporting for bottom pressure parameters and gait kinematics parameters of synchronous data acquisition.The experimental data were analyzed by independent sample T test and paired T test in group and group by SPSS19.0 software.The main results of this study include the following aspects:1)The total time span and stride leg swing time of the high fall risk group(HF group)were significantly higher than the low fall risk group(group LF),there was a significant difference between the groups(P < 0.05).The maximum height / height of HF group was significantly smaller than that of group LF,and there was significant difference between the two groups(P < 0.05).2)When the HF group crossed the leg above the obstacle,the angle of spanning leg and following leg and knee joint was obviously larger than that of group LF,and there was significant difference between the two groups(P < 0.05).3)The displacement velocity of HF group across leg and hip was significantly smaller than that of group LF,and there was significant difference between the two groups(P < 0.05).However,there was no significant difference between the two groups(P > 0.05)across the legs,knees,ankles,and the center of gravity,displacement and speed.The acceleration of LF group following leg and ankle joint was obviously higher than that of group HF,and there was significant difference between the two groups(P < 0.05).4)There was no significant difference between the HF group and the LF group in the first peaks,trough and 2 wave peak before and after the obstacle crossing(P > 0.05).There was no significant difference in the mean shift of the pressure center(COP)trajectory between HF and Y in group X and group LF.However,when supporting the foot away from the ground,the phase HF group shows larger fluctuations and offsets.5)The peak pressure and impulse of the fourth,fifth metatarsal were significantly higher than those of the same group in the HF group and LF group,and there was a significant difference between the groups(P < 0.01)6)The contact area of the third,fourth metatarsal and the medial heel of the HF group was significantly smaller than that of the LF group,and there was a significant difference between the two groups(P < 0.05).The main conclusions of this study are presented:(1)HF elderly people across the obstacles to extend the time,the center of gravity is reduced,lower limb muscle strength,body balance and performance decline in performance,across the obstacles to reduce the center of gravity may be a compensatory response to the body,indicating a potential risk of falls Increase.(2)HF elderly people across the legs and legs along the knee angle are greater than LF,may be related to the completion of the swing action related to muscle and joint flexibility of a certain decline;Across the legs and hips,ankle angle is less than follow the phenomenon of legs,follow the legs of the hip and ankle angle increases,may be appropriate to increase the height of the swing legs and feet,to avoid the occurrence of stumbling.(3)HF elderly people across the obstacles process only hip movement speed and follow the leg ankle joint acceleration was significantly smaller than the LF elderly,which is the performance of hip knee flexion and extension of the performance,easily lead to center of gravity shift,can increase tripping risk.(4)The changes in the transverse(X-axis)of the posterior foot pressure center(COP)in the HF elderly patients were significantly higher than those in the low-risk elderly patients,the asymmetry of the plantar pressure center curve and the larger range in the X-axis direction May suggest an increase in the risk of falls in the elderly.(5)HF elderly people across the obstacles,cross leg plantar metatarsal region peak pressure increase,focal point of foot and ground by the lateral heel medial foot forward(fourth,fifth metatarsal)transfer,and the prompt rise fall risk.