Research On The Development Of Higher Education In Kazakhstan

Higher education is the impetus of social development,which is extremely important in shaping the country’s politics,economy and culture,and is also one of the factors related to social harmony and stability.After the independence of Kazakhstan,as an emerging country,it has experienced all-round political and economic changes in the past three decades.From the perspective of Kazakhstan’s relatively closed and traditional national environment,one of the factors that can promote this change is higher education.Viewed historically,what we analyze the evolution and periodic characteristics of Kazakhstan’s higher education after independence,and combine it with the national political,economic development,and international situation,and explore its achievements and challenges.The higher education of Kazakhstan before independence was influenced by the Soviet Union in terms of educational goals,educational content and teaching system.However,after independence,higher education in Kazakhstan has made new developments.With the political and economic transition of Kazakhstan,new laws were promulgated to promote the development of higher education,which changed the higher education system.The signing of the Lisbon Convention was a turning point in the development of higher education.Since then,Kazakhstan has implemented a three-level degree system,introduced a credit system,expanded student enrollment opportunities,and founded the country’s first highly autonomous Nazarbayev University.Joining the Bologna process has brought the development of higher education to a climax.The government has re-planned higher education,which is reflected in the implementation of higher education quality assessment and the strengthening of cross-border exchanges in order to promote the internationalization of higher education.Higher education is a long-term development process.It is influenced by the national strategy,social economy,ideology and culture,etc.,and it also plays an important role in the development of these factors.