The Income-increasing Effect And Heterogeneity Analysis Of Employment In Poverty Alleviation

Under the difficult situation where the sudden COVID-19 epidemic has brought considerable challenges to poverty alleviation,our country still achieved a comprehensive victory in the fight against poverty at the end of 2020:overall regional poverty has been eliminated,absolute poverty has been eradicated,and employment has been playing an essential role in poverty alleviation.The "Five-Pronged Poverty Alleviation Measures" are all permeated with employment promotion idea:developing industries can increase positions;relocation requires "creating employment opportunities for relocated farmers";ecological compensation realizes environment construction and employment of poor laborers;the development of education aims to improve the employability of labor forces;securing basic needs through social security encourages public welfare positions,wages take the place of subsidies.The importance of employment and poverty alleviation in Jiangxi Province is even more self-evident,as Jiangxi is one of the main battlefields for poverty alleviation in China,as well as a significant labor force export province.Therefore,we observe and analyze the progress of employment poverty alleviation,the impact of it on the registered poor households,and the heterogeneity of the impact on different families.These are imperative to implement employment poverty alleviation policies more "precisely" and maximize the policy effects.This article takes registered poor households in the poverty-stricken counties of Jiangxi Province as the research object,and starts with the specific measures of employment poverty alleviation.Based on the theory of wage determination,human capital theory,and labor migration theory,the article theoretically explains the income-increasing mechanism of the employment poverty alleviation policy.Then,based on the survey data collected in 2018,a regression model is constructed to empirically study the income-increasing impact of the employment poverty alleviation policy on registered poor households in Jiangxi Province,and explore the heterogeneity of the income-increasing impact on poor households in different income levels.The following research conclusions are obtained through theoretical and empirical analysis:(1)The coverage of poverty alleviation by employment is less than 50%.The poor laborers in registered households are not willing to participate in employment training,In addition,the actual number of participants and people benefiting from the employment policy are relatively small.(2)Under the employment poverty alleviation policy,employment training,governance arrangements for migrant workers,or local employment all have positive effects on the income of poor families who have been registered.The effect of "training plus employment arrangement" in income-increasing is the most obvious,but the effect is different for families with different incomes;(3)The labor force in the low-income range is suitable for local employment after simple training;the labor force in the middle-income range is more inclined to vocational skills and emigrant to other places;the relatively high-income families are most suitable to stay in the local business and drive more employment after entrepreneurship training.Based on the above conclusions,specific suggestions are put forward:(1)The government should commit to making progress in employment promotion:mobilizing more poor laborers to participate in employment training,increasing the scale of labor export,and creating more local job opportunities;(2)Improving "training plus employment" mechanism,and strengthening the connection between measures;(3)Carrying out different types of employment training for different families and provide corresponding employment opportunities,so that the effect of poverty alleviation by employment can be maximized.