| Objective: This study takes 7-18-year-old Mongolian youth students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as the research object,analyzes the change law of physical fitness sensitive period of Mongolian youth students from 1985 to 2019,clarifies the development characteristics of various physical fitness,and confirms the gender,urban and rural and age differences of physical fitness sensitive period.Methods: The data of 1985,2000,2010 and 2019 are selected for analysis.Four physical fitness test items were selected from the data,including speed quality(50m running),strength quality(grip strength),explosive strength quality(standing long jump)and flexibility quality(sitting and bending forward).Spss25.0 statistical software is used to describe and analyze the data,calculate the mean value of various physical fitness test results of different attributes,and use Excel 2019 to conduct visual analysis of the growth rate of physical fitness,so as to clarify the gender and urban-rural characteristics of the sensitive period of physical fitness.Results: 1.The status of the sensitive period of physical quality(1)Speed quality: In 1985,2000,2010 and 2019,the sensitive age of boys’ speed quality appeared in 8-9 years old,9-10 years old,7-8 years old and 7-8 years old respectively;urban boys were 8-9 years old,7-8 years old,7-8 years old and 12-13 years old and 7-8 years old;rural boys were 8-9years old,9-10 years old,7-8 years old and 7-8 years old.The sensitive age of girls’ speed quality appeared in 7-8,8-9,7-8 and 7-8 years old respectively;the urban girls were 7-8,7-8,9-10 and 10-11 years old;the rural girls were 7-8,8-9,7-8 and 7-8 years old.(2)Strength quality: In the three years of 2000,2010 and 2019,the sensitive age of male students’ strength quality appeared in 15-16 years old,14-15 years old and 13-14 years old respectively;urban boys were15-16 years old,14-15 years old and 13-14 years old;rural boys were 15-16 years old,14-15 years old and 13-14 years old.The sensitive age of girls’ strength quality appeared in 13-14,14-15 and 10-11 years old respectively;urban girls were 9-10,10-11 and 11-12 years old;rural girls were 10-11,14-15 and 10-11 years old.(3)Explosive quality: In the four years of 1985,2000,2010 and2019,the explosive quality sensitive age of male students appeared in 13-14 years old,13-14 years old,12-13 years old and 14-15 years old respectively;urban boys were 13-14 years old,13-14 years old,13-14 years old and14-15 years old;rural boys were 13-14 years old,13-14 years old,12-13 years old and 15-16 years old.The sensitive age of explosive quality of female students were 12-13,7-8,8-9 and 7-8 years old respectively;the urban female students were 12-13,7-8,8-9 and 7-8 years old;the rural female students were 10-11,8-9,12-13 and 8-9 years old.(4)Flexibility quality: In the four years of 1985,2000,2010 and2019,the sensitive age of boys’ flexibility quality appeared in 15-16 years old,15-16 years old,14-15 years old and 14-15 years old respectively;urban boys were 15-16 years old,15-16 years old,14-15 years old and14-15 years old;rural boys were 14-15 years old,13-14 years old,16-17 years old and 14-15 years old.The sensitive age of flexibility quality of female students was 15-16 years old,7-8 years old,12-13 years old and10-11 years old respectively;the urban female students were 14-15 years old,7-8 years old,14-15 years old and 13-14 years old;the rural female students were 13-14 years old,7-8 years old,12-13 years old and 8-9 years old.2.The difference between urban and rural areas in the sensitive period of physical fitness(1)Speed quality: in 2000,the sensitive age of urban boys was one year earlier than that of rural boys,in other years,the sensitive age of urban and rural boys was the same;in 1985,the sensitive age of urban and rural girls was the same,the sensitive age of urban girls was one year earlier than that of rural girls in 2000,and the sensitive age of rural girls was two and three years earlier than that of urban girls in 2010 and 2019,respectively.(2)Strength quality: In the three years of 2000,2010 and 2019,the age of urban and rural boys in the sensitive period is always the same;in2000 and 2010,urban girls are one year and four years earlier than rural girls,and in 2019,rural girls are one year earlier than urban girls.(3)Explosive quality: In 1985 and 2000,the age of urban and rural boys in explosive quality sensitive period was the same.In 2010,rural boys were one year earlier than urban boys,and in 2019,urban boys were one year earlier than rural boys;in 1985,rural girls’ sensitive period was two years earlier than urban girls;in 2000,2010 and 2019,urban girls were one year,four years and one year earlier than rural girls respectively.(4)Flexibility quality: In 1985 and 2000,the sensitive age of rural boys was one year and two years earlier than that of urban boys,in 2010,urban boys were two years earlier than that of rural boys,and the sensitive age of urban and rural boys was the same in 2019;in 1985,2010 and 2019,rural girls were one year and two years earlier than that of urban girls,and the sensitive age of urban and rural girls was the same in 2000.3.Gender difference in sensitive period of physical fitness(1)Speed quality: In 1985 and 2000,the sensitive age of male students was one year earlier than that of female students,and in 2010 and2019,the sensitive age of male and female students was the same.(2)Strength quality: In 2010,the age of male and female students in sensitive period was the same.In 2000 and 2019,female students were two and three years earlier than male students respectively.(3)Explosive quality: in the four years of 1985,2000,2010 and2019,the sensitive age of female students was one year,six years,four years and seven years earlier than that of male students respectively.(4)Flexibility quality: The sensitive period of flexibility quality of male and female students in 1985 was the same,and the sensitive period of female students in 2000,2010 and 2019 was 8,2 and 4 years earlier than that of male students respectively.4.The development trend of the sensitive period of physical fitness(1)From 1985 to 2019,the sensitive age of speed quality of urban boys and rural boys was one year earlier than that of urban girls by three years,while that of rural girls remained unchanged.(2)From 2000 to 2019,the sensitive age of urban boys and rural boys is advanced by two years,while that of rural girls remains unchanged,while that of urban girls is delayed by two years.(3)From 1985 to 2019,the explosive sensitive age of urban boys is delayed by one year,that of rural boys is delayed by two years,that of urban girls is advanced by four years,and that of rural girls is advanced by three years.(4)From 1985 to 2019,the age of flexibility sensitive period of urban boys is one year earlier than that of rural boys,while that of urban girls is one year earlier and that of rural girls is five years earlier.Conclusion: 1.From 1985 to 2019,the overall development trend of the physical quality sensitive period of Mongolian adolescents is as follows: the speed and strength quality of urban and rural boys are developed in advance,urban girls are slow,and rural girls are stable;the explosive quality of urban and rural boys is slow,and the development of urban and rural girls is in advance;the flexibility quality of urban boys and rural girls is in advance,and the development of rural boys is stable.2.There are obvious differences between urban and rural areas in the development trend of physical fitness sensitive period of Mongolian teenagers,which are shown as follows: the explosive quality of urban boys is faster than that of rural boys,and the speed quality,strength quality and flexibility quality of rural girls are faster than that of urban girls.3.There are obvious gender differences in the development trend of Mongolian teenagers’ physical quality in the sensitive period,specifically as follows: girls develop faster than boys in strength quality,explosive quality and flexibility quality. |
