The Employment Effect Of Enterprises’ Export Decision ——Empirical Research Based On Heterogeneity

In recent years,the U.S.policy toward China has become more and more tough,the "antiglobalization" and the trade protectionism are on the rise,challenging the existing international trade rules.The outbreak of a novel coronavirus pneumonia in early 2020 has caused the international market demand to remain depressed,the world economic structure and international trade environment are undergoing profound changes.Under the background of the gradual ossification of Sino US trade relations causing the domestic structural unemployment problem and the cyclical unemployment problem caused by the global "pandemic" of the new crown epidemic,the cyclical unemployment problem caused by the global "pandemic" of the new crown epidemic,the employment problem has become more and more important.As the basic unit of the market,enterprises are the main body to absorb employment and stabilize the domestic labor market.This paper focuses on the export decisions faced by domestic enterprises and their possible impact on employment.Based on the theory of heterogeneous enterprise trade,through combing and analyzing the existing literature and theories,as well as the comparative analysis at the macro level,this paper finds that enterprises’ export decision-making will affect employment through effective demand,income effect,technological progress and industrial structure adjustment,and total factor productivity,output value performance,innovation ability,ownership nature,enterprise scale and so on Multiple heterogeneity factors such as geographical location will affect the employment effect of enterprises’ export decision.This paper takes the data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 2001 to 2007 as the research sample and uses the PSM method to build a model at the micro level to conduct an empirical analysis,and finds that: in terms of the export choice of enterprises,there is a coexistence of "export productivity heterogeneity" and "export productivity paradox" in China;Enterprises which newly enter the international market have a sustained and significant promotion effect on employment after they choose to export.However,with the passage of time in the international market,the promotion effect has gradually weakened,so we adopt alternative indicators and include them into all export sample enterprises The results of the second test also prove that the conclusion is still robust;For enterprises with different technology intensity,ownership nature,enterprise scale and geographical location,they will have different effects on employment after they choose to enter the export market.