| Since the outbreak of the global Covid-19 in 2020,students all over the world have generally adopted online learning methods.How to combine the individual characteristics of learners and their cultural background to improve their learning outcomes in the process of online video lectures and get more attention from people.In the process of online video lectures,encouraging feedback is an important influencing factor,learners will make social comparison with others based on the encouraging feedback,and such social comparison will affect the learning outcomes,which is in line with the universality of social comparison theory.In addition,the influence of such feedback on learning outcomes also depends on learners’ own characteristics and cultural background.At present,it is still controversial how different forms of social comparison and learner types influence learning outcomes in online learning environments.Therefore,in the learning environment of online video lectures,this research conducted an experimental study on the subjects of Chinese Tea Culture and Tea Health,a systematic study of the influence of encouraging feedback under different forms of social comparison on the learning outcomes of learners with different introverted and extroverted personalities,providing reference for realizing appropriate personalized feedback.Study 1 mainly investigated the outcome of encouraging feedback in online video lectures on learning outcomes of introverted and extroverted learners.This study used 2(personality:introverting,extroverting)×2(social comparison:with social comparison,without social comparison),in which the comparison group provides upward encouraging feedback.The results showed that all learners were better in the comparing encouraging feedback group in test scores;In terms of retention test scores,introverted learners have significantly higher learning scores than extroverted learners,regardless of whether they have comparison or not.In study 2,we compared the impact of encouraging feedback on learning outcomes of introverted and extroverted learners in online directions.This study used 2(personality:introverting,extroverting)×3(social comparison direction:upward social comparison,parallel social comparison,and downward social comparison)in the design of between-subjects.The results found that in the transfer test scores,the upward comparison encouragement feedback group was significant better than the downward comparison group and the parallel comparison group.Study 3 mainly explored the effect of comparative encouraging feedback provided by different subjects on the learning outcomes of different introverted and extroverted learners in online video lectures.This study used 2(personality:introverting,extroverting)×2(providers of social comparison:provided by teachers,provided by peers)in the design of between-subjects.It turns out that the comparing encouraging feedback provided by teachers can improve learners’ test scores.Among them,extroverted learners are more inclined to the feedback provided by teachers.Study 4 mainly explored the influence of encouraging comparative feedback provided by different subjects in online video lectures on the learning outcomes of independent self-constructors and dependent self-constructors.This study used 2(self-construal:independent self-construal,dependent self-construal)×2(providers of social comparison:provided by teachers,provided by peers)in the design of between-subjects.It turns out that the comparing encouraging feedback provided by teachers can improve learners’ transfer test scores.In summary,this study found:(1)In online video lectures,the scores of the encouraging feedback group with social comparison was significantly better than that of the encouraging feedback group without social comparison;(2)Compared with downward and parallel encouraging social comparison,upward encouraging social comparison is more conducive to improving learners’ scores;(3)Compared with encouraging social comparison provided by peers,encouraging social comparison provided by teachers can significantly improve learners’ scores;(4)With or without social comparison,the retention performance of introverted learners was significantly higher than that of extroverted learners;No matter which direction the social comparison is provided,the learning satisfaction of extroverted learners is significantly higher than that of introverted learners.Compared with the introverted learners,the encouraging social comparison provided by the teacher promoted the improvement of the performance of the extroverted learners.Therefore,in online video lectures,appropriate social comparisons should be provided based on the types and cultural backgrounds of different learners,so as to help each learner. |
