Correlation Between ACTN3 And ADRB2 Genes And Differences In Strength Training Effects

Purpose:ACTN3 and ADRB2 genes are closely related to skeletal muscle strength and metabolism.In this study,we selected rs1815739 single nucleotide polymorphic sites of ACTN3 and rs1042713 and rs1042714 single nucleotide polymorphic sites of ADRB2 to study their correlation with individual differences in strength training effects.To explore the genetic and molecular mechanisms of individual differences in strength training effects,and to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of personalized training programs and exercise prescriptions.Subjects and Methods:A total of 175 students(87 males and 88 females)from three universities were selected as the research subjects.All the subjects were Han nationality,had no training experience and were in good physical condition.They read the informed consent form and signed it.The training regimen consisted of 12 weeks of strength intervention training twice a week at an intensity of 70 percent of the maximum weight of squats and bench presses(1RM)at one time.The test indexes included: squat 1RM,bench press 1RM,vertical jump height,lower limb isokinetic flexion peak force,lower limb isokinetic extension peak force,lower limb isokinetic length peak force,body weight,body fat weight,body muscle weight,rectus femoris muscle thickness,vastus intermediates muscle thickness,pectoralis major muscle thickness.The muscle thickness was measured by ultrasound.Whole blood samples were collected and genotypes were analyzed to investigate the association between gene polymorphisms of ACTN3 and ADRB2 and differences in strength training effects.Chisquare was used to test the genotype frequency difference between the three polymorphic loci of ACTN3 and ADRB2 gene in the population and whether the genotype frequency was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law.The changes of phenotypic indexes before and after training: the amount of change and the rate of change were used to represent the strength training effect of the subjects.The data differences before and after training were tested by paired sample t test,and the differences of phenotypic indexes,the amount of change and the rate of change among different genotypes were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.Results:At rs1815739 of ACTN3 gene,before training,the initial level CC type of squat 1Rm and bench press 1Rm was significantly higher than that of CT type,and the initial level CC type of isokinetic extension peak force was significantly higher than that of CT type.After12 weeks of strength training,the three genotypes of squat and bench press 1RM two indexes showed a very significant increase,the vertical jump height CC and CT type showed a very significant increase,and the TT type showed a significant increase.The peak force of constant velocity flexion was significantly increased in CC type,very significantly increased in CT type,and no significant change was found in TT type.The peak force of isokinetic extension was significantly increased in all three genotypes.There was no significant change in the three genotypes of isometric peak force.There was a significant increase in body weight in CC and CT type,but no significant change in TT type.There was no significant change in body fat weight among the three genotypes.The body muscle weight of CC type was significantly increased,CT type was significantly increased,and TT type was not significantly changed.The thickness of rectus femoris muscle,vastus intermediates muscle and pectoralis major muscle were significantly increased in three genotypes.There were no significant differences in the changes of body weight,body fat weight,body muscle weight,rectus femoris muscle thickness,vastus medius muscle thickness and pectoralis major muscle thickness among squat 1RM,bench press 1RM,isotropic flexion peak force,isotropic extension peak force,isotropic length peak force,body weight,body fat weight,body fat weight,body fat weight,body weight and the change rate of the thickness.ADRB2 gene rs1042713 site,after 12 weeks of strength training: squat 1RM,bench press 1RM two indicators of the three genotypes showed significant increase.The vertical jump height of AA type increased significantly,AG type increased very significantly,and GG type had no significant change.The constant velocity flexion peak force and constant velocity extensional peak force increased significantly in AA and AG type,but not in GG type.The peak force of equal length was significantly increased for AA type,very significantly increased for AG type,and no significant change for GG type.All three genotypes showed very significant increases in body weight.The body fat weight of AG type decreased significantly,but AA and GG type had no significant change.There was a significant increase in body muscle weight of AA type,but no significant change in AG and GG type.The thickness of rectus femoris muscle,vastus intermediates muscle and pectoralis major muscle were significantly increased in three genotypes.There were no significant differences between squat 1RM,bench press 1RM,isotropic flexion peak force,isotropic extension peak force,isotropic length peak force,body weight,body fat weight,body muscle weight and vastus intermediates muscle thickness in terms of the amount and rate of change.There was no significant difference in the thickness of rectus femoris muscle.The thickness of rectus femoris major of AG type was significantly higher than that of GG type,the thickness of rectus femoris major of AA type was significantly higher than that of GG type,and the thickness of pectoris major of AG type was significantly higher than that of GG type.ADRB2 gene rs1042714,after 12 weeks of strength training: The genotypes of squat1 RM and bench press 1RM were significantly increased,and there was no significant difference in the variation of squat 1RM.The variation of CG type bench press 1RM was significantly higher than that of CC type,and there was no significant difference in the variation rate of squat 1RM and bench press 1RM.There was no significant change in the two genotypes of vertical jump height.Both genotypes showed a very significant increase in peak flexion force.There was no significant change in the constant velocity extension peak force for CC type,but it was significantly increased for CG type.There was no significant change in the two genotypes of peak force of equal length.There was no significant change in body weight between the two genotypes.There was no significant change in body fat weight in CC type,but there was a very significant decrease in CG type.There was no significant change in body muscle weight of CC type,but there was a very significant increase in CG type.The thickness of rectus femoris muscle,vastus intermediates muscle and pectoralis major muscle were significantly increased in two genotypes.There were no significant differences in longitudinal jump height,isokinetic flexion peak force,isokinetic extension peak force,isokinetic length peak force,body weight,body fat weight,body muscle weight,rectus femoris muscle thickness,vastus medius muscle thickness and pectoralis major muscle thickness.Conclusions:(1)The CC genotype of rs1815739 polymorphism of ACTN3 gene is highly correlated with strength,and has innate strength advantage and is more sensitive to strength training.(2)There were three genotypes at rs1042713 of ADRB2 gene,and GG genotype was not sensitive to strength training.ADRB2 gene rs1042714 locus CG genotype is more sensitive to strength training.