| Teacher education is an eternal topic for the changing world.Since the 1980 s,under the influence of neo-liberalism and deregulationism,coupled with the critique of traditional teacher education by right-wing forces and the demand for the number,structure,and diversity of teachers,the US government has promoted teachers Marketization of education.The reform broke the university’s monopoly on teacher training,advocated the privatization of teacher education,increased competition,and provided optional teacher education programs.It encouraged multiple subjects to participate in teacher training in order to increase resources,reduce costs,and improve economic efficiency for teacher training.The research question in this article is why market reforms have been carried out for teacher education in the United States.Based on what theoretical basis and actual needs? How to carry out market-oriented reform of teacher education? Including how to reform within the university? How do market players organize teacher education programs? What functions have governments at all levels played in market-oriented reforms? In the process of market-oriented reform of teacher education,what dynamic changes have taken place in the relationship between academia,the market,and the government? What are the results and problems brought about by market-oriented reforms?In response to research questions,this study is divided into four parts.The first chapter introduces the motivation of the marketization reform of American teacher education,including the conceptual level and the actual demand.The conceptual level includes the influence of neoliberalism on teacher education and the influence of deconstructionist teacher education thought;the actual demand includes supply The contradiction between the side and the demand side.Chapter 2 takes Texas as an example,and responds to how universities,multi-market players,and the government reform the marketization of teacher education.The internal reform of the university includes aspects such as management and teacher training for courses;the multiple market players include local school districts,intermediate education service centers,and private education groups how to participate in the training of teachers in the context of marketization.What are the characteristics and trends;government functions are mainly reflected in institutional identification,qualification certification,and evaluation and accountability.The third chapter takes Clarke’s classic triangle model as the theoretical basis and discusses the dynamic relationship between academic,market and government in the process of marketization reform of American teacher education around the 1980 s.From the 1980 s to the 21 st century,the market-oriented reform of teacher education shifted from academic-led to government-led;from the 21 st century to the present,the transformation from government-led to government-market driven.Chapter 4 examines the problems and effects of the marketization of teacher education.Investigate the advantages of the market mechanism introduced into the field of teacher education in terms of specific data such as teacher demographics,etc.;discuss the issues of marketization reform from the perspectives of fairness and efficiency,economic benefits,teacher quality,and teacher professional value.The conclusion of this study is that a quasi-market coexisting with a free market and a strong government has formed in the field of teacher education in the United States,showing a contradiction between coexistence of deregulation and over-regulation.The key to solving the problem lies in improving the quality of market-oriented teacher education programs and strengthening their internal accountability,and realizing "re-professionalization" of teacher education,in order to reduce the homogeneity of training brought by super-rational accountability and ensure the teacher training programs.At the same time,no matter whether professionalism or marketization of teacher education is advocated,teacher education should always aim at promoting social fairness and serving a democratic and equal society. |
