The Study On Questionnaire Development And Investigation Of Self-stigma For Parents Of Special Children

Disability stigma affects not only the special children but also the special children’s parents,stigma research at home and abroad mostly focus on mental disorders and diseases such as HIV/AIDS stigma of self,and in the study of disability stigma,more focus on the theory of stigma and disabilities public stigma,there is lack of research and survey questionnaire for special children’s parents self-stigma.Therefore,this study selected 0-18 year’s special children’s parents as the research objects and constructed a localized theoretical structure of self-stigma of parents of special children on the basis of interview investigation and literature analysis in order to pay attention to the survival and psychological state of parents of special children and provide a tool that uses to examine the self-stigma of the parents.According to this structure,a questionnaire which is used to measure self-stigma special children’s parents was developed,and 1130 parents of special children were investigated with this questionnaire and the development characteristics of parents’ self-stigma was discussed.The conclusions of this study are drawn as follows:(1)Parental self-stigma of special children is a structural model of second-order factors(self-debasement and interpersonal avoidance)first-order factors(low self-esteem,negative self-experience,low self-efficacy,concealment and social withdrawal).(2)The self-stigma questionnaire for special children’s parents has good reliability and validity,which conforms to psychometric indicators.(3)The score of self-deprecation of the parents is higher than that of interpersonal avoidance.The specific manifestations from high to low are negative self-experience,low self-efficacy,concealment,social withdrawal and low self-esteem.(4)Parental role,age and employment or not have significant differences in the selfstigma of parents of special children: 1)the self-stigma of mothers is higher than that of fathers;2)the self-stigma of parents aged 46-62 is higher than that of parents aged 36-45;3)Unemployed parents have the highest self-stigma.4)Whether parents are employed or not is an indicator that has an explicit negative predictive effect on their self-stigma and self-deprecation.(5)Monthly family income,family atmosphere and whether there are other caregivers in the family have significant differences in the self-stigma of the parents: 1)Parents of low-income families have the highest self-stigma;2)Parents living in families with flat atmosphere get the highest self-stigma score;3)Parents who look after their children with no other caregivers have the highest self-stigma.4)Family atmosphere has an explicit positive predictive effect on parents’ self-stigma,self-deprecation and interpersonal avoidance.(6)There are significant differences in parental self-stigma among the age,types of disorders and educational levels of children with special characteristics: 1)Parents with children aged 0-7 show a higher level in self-stigma than parents with children aged 13 and above;2)Self-stigma of parents whose children are autism is higher than that of parents whose children are intellectual disability,hearing impairment,and self-stigma of parents of children with multiple disorders is higher than that of children with hearing impairment;3)Parents of children who are schooling in kindergarten have the highest self-stigma.4)the types of children’s disorders have an explicit negative predictive effect on parents’ self-stigma,self-debasement and interpersonal avoidance;5)Children’s educational level has an explicit negative predictive effect on self-stigma in the dimension of self-deprecation.