| Competitive state anxiety is a psychological state often experienced by athletes in sports,which has a profound impact on the performance of athletes.In table tennis,the speed of the ball is fast and the tactics change a lot,which requires quick,accurate and stable perceptual prediction ability and action execution ability of the players.The players need to analyze and judge the opponent’s action intention and tactical intention quickly,to predict the direction and landing point of the ball accurately,and to use appropriate techniques and tactics to return the ball quickly and accurately to take the initiative of the game.Previous studies have examined the relationship between competitive state anxiety and prediction,but there is still a dispute about whether competitive state anxiety affects prediction processing efficiency and operation performance.In addition,this research field ignores the other key link of anxiety affecting the return motor performance,which is not conducive to a comprehensive understanding of competitive state anxiety on the performance of athletes Influence.In this study,taking table tennis as the research carrier,learning from the research paradigm and methods of cognitive psychology,using the self-made table tennis prediction program and return movement evaluation program,combined with simulation and real sports scenes,with the aid of eye movement instruments and biomechanical instruments,we investigated the effect of competitive state anxiety on sports prediction and on return movement quality through two experimental systems.In Experiment 1,the mixed design of 2(sports level: high,low)× 2(competitive state anxiety level: high,low)× 2(task difficulty: simple,difficult)was used to explore the effect of competitive state anxiety on the performance of the prediction of the service landing point and the characteristics of eye movement.20(high level)and18(low level)table tennis players were recruited to participate the experiment.The results showed that in the difficult prediction task,compared with in the low level of anxiety,in the high level of physical and cognitive state anxiety,the accuracy rate of prediction decreased significantly,the reaction time of prediction prolonged significantly,the total fixation time of prediction increased significantly,and the time of static eyes of prediction shortened significantly.But in the simple prediction task,there was no such difference.In Experiment 2,the mixed design of 2(sports level: high,low)× 2(competition anxiety level: high,low)was used to explore the influence of anxiety on the return motor performance of table tennis players.20(high level)and 18(low level)table tennis players were recruited.The results showed that compared with in the low level of anxiety,in the high physical and cognitive anxious state,the accuracy of return was not affected,but the efficiency of action processing(return accuracy / subjective effort)was significantly reduced;in the aspect of dynamic characteristics of the actions,in the state of high anxiety,the acceleration is significantly reduced vertically,and the variation between the horizontal direction and vertical direction is significantly increased.The conclusions of the two experiments above are as following:(1)Competitive state anxiety influences athletes’ top-to-bottom concentration process,which influences the perceptual prediction performance negatively in difficult sports tasks,which is reflected by the increase of total fixation duration,the decrease of quiet eye duration,the decrease of anticipation accuracy,and the decrease of anticipation speed.(2)Competitive state anxiety dose not reduce athletes’ return motor accuracy,but it slows athletes’ motor speed and reduces the stability,specifically reflected in the decrease of state anxiety dose not reduce athletes’ return motor accuracy,but it slows athletes’ motor speed and reduces the stability,specifically reflected in the decrease of motor speed vertically,and the reduce of motor stability both vertically and horizontally. |
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