| Anticipation of athlete refers to the prediction based on the partial information or advanced cue in sport situation. Anticipation ability is a key factor to differiate the sport expertise and novice in sport context. Skilled athletes have a shorter time and more accuracy in predict the upcoming event than unskilled athletes. This showed that the sport expertise has the advantage in perceptual-motor skill than novice. Especially in externally-paced sport, such as football, basketball, tennis and baseball, the situation needs the athletes to response quickly and accurately to conducte the correct movement. But in the self-paced sport, such as gymnastics, swimming, the situation maybe not needs the athletes to response quickly. In the visual search, the experienced players have the effective eye movement when viewing the dymnatic stimulus. Previous studies have demonstrated that the higher level players can anticipate quickly and accurately and less fixation number and longer mean fixation time. In this thesis, three experiments were conducted to study the anticipation and visual search of gymnastics athletes with different levels and non-athletes when viewed the vault movement clips from real match. The purpose of these experiments is to examine the difference in the anticipation response and visual search between sport expertise and novice.In Experiment 1,54 male gymnastic athletes and non-athletes were divided into four groups, elite athletes, subelite athletes, novice and nonplayers, and they were asked to view vault video to predict the movement quality. The video were showed with temporal occlusion and entire video respectively. The response time, response accuracy, the movement score and confidence were recoded by the experiment system. The results showed that the response time among the participants was not significantly different, but the response accuracy had a significant difference among different level athletes. In Experiment 2,44 female, including gymnastic athletes, martial art athletes and nonathletes, were required to view vault horse video and judged the movement quality. Same to Experiment 1, the response time, the response accuracy, the movement score and confidence were recorded. The results showed that the response time had no diffence among these participations, but the response accuracy of athletes was higher than nonplayers. The confidence of gymnastic athletes was lower than non-athletes.In Experiment 3,38 male gymnastic athletes viewed the movement of vault and the eye movement was recorded by EyeLinkâ…¡. The participations were divided into four groups, elite athletes, sub-elite athletes, novice and nonathlets. The response accuracy, the fixation number and fixation duration were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that the elite athletes and sub-elite athletes expressed the less fixation number and longer fixation duration than novice and non-athletes. In two conditions, the difference in fixation number and fixation duration of elite athletes was not significant, but this difference was significant between other participations. This result demonstrated the visual search of sport expertise was more effective than novice.In conclusion, the elite gymnastic athletes have an advantage in anticipation and visual search, they can pick up the important information to predict and judge the upcoming events in sport situation than novice, and this reflects the informational processing of elite gymnastic athlets. They have more knowledge and more experience in judging the movement quality and searching the crucial area when they view the real match film.In the study of anticipation and visual search, how to explain the performance of athletes in real world is still a problem. In this thesis, some suggestions in the future research were proposed such as approving the viewing condition to increase the ecological validity, and using the coupling response as dependent variables to approach the real movement in sport situations.
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