Parental Parenting Behavior And Parent-Child Relationship: The Regulating Role Of CRHR1 Gene Rs110402 Polymorphism And Its Gender Difference

Parent-child relationship is one of main research contents of developmental psychology.Previous studies have demonstrated that social adaptation,mental health and behavioral problems of adolescents were highly associated with parent-child relationship(Wang Meiping,2010).More recently,with the emerging of individual development awakening model and the development system theory,investigations yielded meaningful findings that the genetic characteristics plays an important role in adolescents’ parent-child relationship development.Meanwhile,existing researches on behavioral genetic also found that parent-child relationship was interacted by gene and environment.To date,it is an important research area that employed Gene-Environment design to explore the interaction of gene and environment on parent-children relationship.Although lots of previous studies have reported the mechanism of the interaction between gene and environment on parent-child relationship,but the study on the relationship between CRHR1 gene and parent-child relationship was still scarce.Therefore,the current study aims to investigate the effect of CRHR1 gene and parental parenting behavior on parent-child relationship in adolescence and its gender difference,by selecting parental parenting behavior as environmental indicator and CRHR1 gene rs110402 polymorphism as gene indicator.Within the sample of 637 adolescents,who from grade1 to grade3 in a middle school of Jinan.Questionnaire,including parental parenting behavior questionnaire and parent-child relationship questionnaire,are implied by using method of self-reported.Additionally,participants are asked to provide their saliva samples for DNA extraction.SPSS21.0,SHEsis and other software are used to data analyze,the main results as following:(1)CRHR1 gene rs110402 polymorphism and positive parental parenting are significantly interacted with parent-child relationship.Specifically,for male adolescents,with the frequency of positive parenting behavior increasing,the level of parent-child cohesion can significantly enhance,besides,the predictive effect on TT genotype carriers is stronger than carriers of C allele.However,for female adolescents,the interaction is non-significant.(2)The interaction between CRHR1 gene rs110402 polymorphism and father’s positive parenting behavior on father-son violent conflict is significant.For male adolescents,the violent conflict level between TT genotype carriers and their fathers is significantly reduced,when the frequency of fathers’ positive parenting behavior increased,while the predictive effect on the carriers of C allele is not significant.Besides,for female adolescents,no significant interaction effect is found.(3)CRHR1 gene rs110402 polymorphism and fathers’ negative parenting are significantly interacted with father-son cohesion.Specifically,for boys,father-son cohesion of TT carriers may significantly reduce,when fathers’ negative parenting behavior increasing,but the predictive effect is not significant in the group of C allele carriers.For girls,the fathers’ negative parenting behavior can significantly negatively predict the degree of affinity between carriers with the two genotypes and their fathers,but the predictive effect on C allele carriers is stronger than TT carriers.(4)CRHR1 gene rs110402 polymorphism and father’s negative parenting behavior are significantly interacted with father-son violent conflict.Fathers’ negative parenting behavior can significantly positively predict the level of father-child violent conflict in the group of female adolescents,but compare to TT carriers,the predictive effect on C allele carriers is much stronger.The present study has demonstrated that gene and environment have a significant interaction effect on parent-child relationship in adolescence,which may provide evidence for guiding adolescents to have a positively developing and indicate that combined new techniques of molecular genetic with “development system theory” in developmental psychology to examine individuals’ psychological and behavioraldevelopment is effective.