A Study Of The Official Approvaland Public Consultation System Under Grassroots Social Governance In The Late Qing And Early Republican Periods

The judicial archives are the best example of grass-roots legal practice,taking Long Quan County judicial archives as an example,with its voluminous anecdotes and detailed records of detailed and serious cases,it is the best original material for studying the grass-roots governance of the government-approved civil society in the late Qing Dynasty.It has been called "the living fossil of civil judicial practice" and provides an important basis for the changes in the substantive and procedural systems of the government-approved civil investigations in the late Qing Dynasty.Based on the theory of dualistic integration between the state and society,the government-approved polls,as a carrier of dualistic integration,played an important role in resolving disputes and stabilizing the social order at the grassroots level,and was also an important aspect of grassroots social governance.The logical structure of grassroots social governance in the late Qing dynasty and early Ming dynasty is explored from behind the government-approved polls,and two main lines are identified,one is the diversification of grassroots social self-governance forces,and the other is the formation of a cycle of interaction between the government and the people in grassroots dispute resolution.Two aspects are suggested: one is to rely on the endogenous mechanism of grassroots society and give full play to the power of pluralistic autonomy of grassroots society;the other is to establish an exogenous mechanism and build a rule-of-law governance at the grassroots level under the leadership of the courts to promote the pluralistic settlement of grassroots disputes,and these two lines are parallel and complementary to each other.