Research On Moral Hazard In Long-term Care Insurance And Its Prevention

In recent years,the aging of the population in the country has become serious increasingly,which has brought about a continuous increase in the number of elderly and disabled elderly.This also means that the elderly’s demand for long-term care services is increasing.Although the social security system coveraging all citizens has been formed in our coutry,it is still insufficient to meet the needs of long-term care services for the disabled elderly.In order to solve this problem In effectively,the government of our country promulgated the "Guiding Opinions on the Pilot Program of Long-term Care Insurance System" in 2016,which take the lead in 14 cities including Shanghai across the country to carry out long-term care insurance pilot work,then the pilot program was expanded to 28 cities and regions.Although the pilot work of long-term protection insurance is progressing smoothly,there are potential risks in the operation process,which threaten the sustainable development of long-term care insurance.Moral hazard is one of the most destructive risks.Due to the nature of moral hazard,people cannot prevent the occurrence of moral hazard in market activities,but once moral hazard occurs and expands,it will seriously affect the normal operation of long-term care insurance.Therefore,studying moral hazard of LTCI is benefit to promote the sustained and healthy development of LTCI,and creat a great significance for the establishment of a LTCI system in the future.The moral hazard performance of long-term care insurance is mainly discussed from the service provider,service demander,and the collusion between the supplier and the demander.The moral hazard of the service provider is manifested as the supply induces excessive demand,increases the cost of service items,and reduces the service supply;The moral hazard on the demand side is manifested as: concealing physical conditions,obtaining excessive services,and inducing intergenerational moral hazard;the risk of collusion between the supplier and the demander is manifested as conspiracy to obtain benefit qualifications and obtain more services.The moral hazard of the demand is manifested as: concealing and reporting physical conditions falsely to obtain compensation qualifications;w asting service resources to obtaining excessive service,intergenerational moral hazard,etc.Moral hazard is mainly caused by the government,the nursing service demander,and the nursing service provider.The government level lies in the insufficient risk sharing of financing methods,the unreasonable insurance payment mechanism,the imperfect assessment mechanism,and the inadequate supervision and management mechanism.The service demand side lies in the passive participation in insurance by absence of cognition,and the profit-seeking motive leads to gains and avoids disadvantages.The service provider side lies in the influence of information asymmetry,economic man’s hypothetical interest demands,and the imperfection of the elderly service market.Moral hazard affects the sustainable development of long-term care insurance,the degree of satisfaction of the needs of the nursing service demander,and the enthusiasm of the nursing service provider to provide services.Preventing risks needs to be improved in terms of broadening insurance financing channels,optimizing payment methods,unified disability assessment and identification mechanisms,unblocking information sharing channels,and standardizing the development of the elderly service market,so as to reduce the probability of occurrence of moral hazards in the operation of long-term care insurance and reduce The adverse impact of moral hazard on long-term care insurance promotes the sustained and healthy development of long-term care insurance.